Spatio temporal parameters and symmetry in subjects ascending and descending a ramp, using three different prosthetic feet

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0145-

Estudio y análisis de Zonas Económicas Especiales. Propuestas de mejora para las Zonas Francas españolas actuales

La actual coyuntura global, con el decrecimiento del comercio y los nuevos acuerdos de libre comercio, hace que las Zonas Económicas Especiales sean un tema extremadamente vigente, con una importancia estratégica y económica creciente. Dentro del área de comercio internacional, juegan un papel muy importante en las políticas económicas de fomento y desarrollo de zonas deprimidas. El artículo pretende ser una ayuda para la gerencia de empresas vinculadas al comercio, una aportación para el mundo académico e incluso para el gubernamental. Utilizando clasificaciones existentes en la literatura, se han estudiado y analizado algunas de las principales Zonas Económicas Especiales existentes en el mundo, ya que su crecimiento ha sido exponencial. Existen grandes diferencias según el país y la región en la que se encuentran, pero su tipología tiende a ser similar por región. En este sentido, las Zonas Francas europeas se podrían clasificar como regímenes exclusivamente aduaneros, presentando sólo ocasionalmente ventajas fiscales cuando coexistan con regímenes fiscales compatibles con estas áreas. Este trabajo permite comparar las ventajas que Zonas Económicas Especiales puedan poseer con respecto a las Zonas Francas españolas y plantea propuestas para mejorar su competitividad. Aunque no hay una única fórmula, se puede afirmar que cuanto mayor sea la vinculación de la zona con la economía doméstica mayor será el éxito.The existing global situation shows a sharp decline in global trade; this together with new free trade agreements under discussion, makes the debate of Special Economic Zones an extremely current topic. Promoting and developing special economic zones play an important role in policies to promote deprived areas. This article aims to support the management of organizations involved in trade, the academic world as well as government. Employing classifications that exist in current literature, since Special Economic Zones have been showing an exponential increase some of the existing ones around the world have been studied and analyzed. Numerous differences exist depending upon the country or region where the Special Economic Zones are located, but its typology tends to be similar by region. The Special Economic Zones in Europe could be classified as Free Trade Zones, exhibiting tax advantages only when they coexist with other compatible regimes. This study allows a comparison of the advantages different special economic zones may have with those located in Spain and puts forward proposals to improve its competitiveness. Even though there is not a single formula for success, we can say that the greater the relationship the area with the economic zone the bigger the success

Spatiotemporal analysis identifies ABF2 and ABF3 as key hubs of endodermal response to nitrate

Nitrate is a nutrient and a potent signal that impacts global gene expression in plants. However, the regulatory factors controlling temporal and cell type–specific nitrate responses remain largely unknown. We assayed nitrate-responsive transcriptome changes in five major root cell types of the Arabidopsis thaliana root as a function of time. We found that gene-expression response to nitrate is dynamic and highly localized and predicted cell type–specific transcription factor (TF)–target interactions. Among cell types, the endodermis stands out as having the largest and most connected nitrate-regulatory gene network. ABF2 and ABF3 are major hubs for transcriptional responses in the endodermis cell layer. We experimentally validated TF–target interactions for ABF2 and ABF3 by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and a cell-based system to detect TF regulation genome-wide. Validated targets of ABF2 and ABF3 account for more than 50% of the nitrate-responsive transcriptome in the endodermis. Moreover, ABF2 and ABF3 are involved in nitrate-induced lateral root growth. Our approach offers an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution of the root response to nitrate and identifies important components of cell-specific gene regulatory networks

Minimum toe clearance and tripping probability in people with unilateral transtibial amputation walking on ramps with different prosthetic designs

University of Entre Ríos (UNER) and CONICE

Estudio y análisis de Zonas Económicas Especiales. Propuestas de mejora para las Zonas Francas españolas actuales

La actual coyuntura global, con el decrecimiento del comercio y los nuevos acuerdos de libre comercio, hace que las Zonas Económicas Especiales sean un tema extremadamente vigente, con una importancia estratégica y económica creciente. Dentro del área de comercio internacional, juegan un papel muy importante en las políticas económicas de fomento y desarrollo de zonas deprimidas. El artículo pretende ser una ayuda para la gerencia de empresas vinculadas al comercio, una aportación para el mundo académico e incluso para el gubernamental. Utilizando clasificaciones existentes en la literatura, se han estudiado y analizado algunas de las principales Zonas Económicas Especiales existentes en el mundo, ya que su crecimiento ha sido exponencial. Existen grandes diferencias según el país y la región en la que se encuentran, pero su tipología tiende a ser similar por región. En este sentido, las Zonas Francas europeas se podrían clasificar como regímenes exclusivamente aduaneros, presentando sólo ocasionalmente ventajas fiscales cuando coexistan con regímenes fiscales compatibles con estas áreas. Este trabajo permite comparar las ventajas que Zonas Económicas Especiales puedan poseer con respecto a las Zonas Francas españolas y plantea propuestas para mejorar su competitividad. Aunque no hay una única fórmula, se puede afirmar que cuanto mayor sea la vinculación de la zona con la economía doméstica mayor será el éxito.The existing global situation shows a sharp decline in global trade; this together with new free trade agreements under discussion, makes the debate of Special Economic Zones an extremely current topic. Promoting and developing special economic zones play an important role in policies to promote deprived areas. This article aims to support the management of organizations involved in trade, the academic world as well as government. Employing classifications that exist in current literature, since Special Economic Zones have been showing an exponential increase some of the existing ones around the world have been studied and analyzed. Numerous differences exist depending upon the country or region where the Special Economic Zones are located, but its typology tends to be similar by region. The Special Economic Zones in Europe could be classified as Free Trade Zones, exhibiting tax advantages only when they coexist with other compatible regimes. This study allows a comparison of the advantages different special economic zones may have with those located in Spain and puts forward proposals to improve its competitiveness. Even though there is not a single formula for success, we can say that the greater the relationship the area with the economic zone the bigger the success

Systems approach identifies TGA1 and TGA4 transcription factors as important regulatory components of the nitrate response of Arabidopsis thaliana roots.

International audienceNitrate acts as a potent signal to control global gene expression in Arabidopsis. Using an integrative bioinformatics approach we identified TGA1 and TGA4 as putative regulatory factors that mediate nitrate responses in Arabidopsis roots. We showed that both TGA1 and TGA4 mRNAs accumulate strongly after nitrate treatments in roots. Global gene expression analysis revealed 97% of the genes with altered expression in tga1 tga4 double mutant plants respond to nitrate treatments, indicating that these transcription factors have a specific role in nitrate responses in Arabidopsis root organs. We found TGA1 and TGA4 regulate the expression of nitrate transporter genes NRT2.1 and NRT2.2. Specific binding of TGA1 to its cognate DNA sequence on NRT2.1 and NRT2.2 promoters was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The tga1 tga4 double mutant plants exhibit nitrate-dependent lateral and primary root phenotypes. Lateral root initiation is affected in both tga1 tga4 and nrt1.2 nrt2.2 double mutants, suggesting TGA1 and TGA4 regulate lateral root development at least partly via NRT2.1 and NRT2.2. Additional root phenotypes of tga1 tga4 double mutants indicate that these transcription factors play an important role in root developmental responses to nitrate. These results identify TGA1 and TGA4 as important regulatory factors of the nitrate response in Arabidopsis roots

Variants in ABCG8 and TRAF3 genes confer risk for gallstone disease in admixed Latinos with Mapuche Native American ancestry

Latin Americans and Chilean Amerindians have the highest prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD) and gallbladder cancer (GBC) in the world. A handful of loci have been associated with GSD in populations of predominantly European ancestry, however, they only explain a small portion of the genetic component of the disease. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for GSD in 1,095 admixed Chilean Latinos with Mapuche Native American ancestry. Disease status was assessed by cholecystectomy or abdominal ultrasonography. Top-10 candidate variants surpassing the suggestive cutoff of P < 1 x 10(-5) in the discovery cohort were genotyped in an independent replication sample composed of 1,643 individuals. Variants with positive replication were further examined in two European GSD populations and a Chilean GBC cohort. We consistently replicated the association of ABCG8 gene with GSD (rs11887534, P = 3.24 x 10(-8), OR = 1.74) and identified TRAF3 (rs12882491, P = 1.11 x 10(-7), OR = 1.40) as a novel candidate gene for the disease in admixed Chilean Latinos. ABCG8 and TRAF3 variants also conferred risk to GBC. Gene expression analyses indicated that TRAF3 was significantly decreased in gallbladder (P = 0.015) and duodenal mucosa (P = 0.001) of GSD individuals compared to healthy controls, where according to GTEx data in the small intestine, the presence of the risk allele contributes to the observed effect. We conclude that ABCG8 and TRAF3 genes are associated with GSD and GBC in admixed Latinos and that decreased TRAF3 levels could enhance gallbladder inflammation as is observed in GSD and GSD-associated GBC