Chemical Oscillations out of Chemical Noise

The dynamics of one species chemical kinetics is studied. Chemical reactions are modelled by means of continuous time Markov processes whose probability distribution obeys a suitable master equation. A large deviation theory is formally introduced, which allows developing a Hamiltonian dynamical system able to describe the system dynamics. Using this technique we are able to show that the intrinsic fluctuations, originated in the discrete character of the reagents, may sustain oscillations and chaotic trajectories which are impossible when these fluctuations are disregarded. An important point is that oscillations and chaos appear in systems whose mean-field dynamics has too low a dimensionality for showing such a behavior. In this sense these phenomena are purely induced by noise, which does not limit itself to shifting a bifurcation threshold. On the other hand, they are large deviations of a short transient nature which typically only appear after long waiting times. We also discuss the implications of our results in understanding extinction events in population dynamics models expressed by means of stoichiometric relations

Satisfacción del Estudiantes que Actualmente Cursa Electivas en Bienestar Institucional FESC

RESUMEN Este estudio se basó en establecer el nivel de satisfacción de estudiantes que actualmente cursan electivas en bienestar institucional en la FESC. Método: enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, tipo descriptivo de corte transversal; la población son estudiantes que actualmente se encuentran cursando electivas de bienestar institucional en la FESC en la ciudad de San José de Cúcuta, Norte de Santander (I semestre 2015). Como principal resultado de las variables analizadas se evidencia que las electivas de crecimiento humano y cultura son más aceptadas y tienen mayor elección en todos los programas académicos de la FESC. Se puede identificar a nivel general que la percepción que tienen los estudiantes acerca de las variables medidas es moderada, no obstante este cálculo se basa en un promedio general de todas las Electivas, sin embargo existen unas electivas percibidas como más favorables que otras. ABSTRACT This study was based on establishing the level of satisfaction of students currently enrolled electives institutional welfare in the FESC. Method: quantitative approach, not experimental design, descriptive cross-sectional; the population are students who are currently studying elective institutional welfare in the FESC in the city of San Jose de Cucuta, Norte de Santander (first half 2015). The main result of the analyzed variables are evidence that elective human growth and culture are more accepted and have greater choice in all academic programs FESC. Can identify a general level the perception of students about the measured variables is moderate, however this stimation is based on an overall average of all elective, but there are some elective perceived as more favorable than others

Epigean Insects of Chañaral Island (Pingüino de Humboldt National Reserve, Atacama, Chile)

The Pingüino de Humboldt National Reserve in Chile is an area of biodiversity conservation in arid island ecosystems. The reserve is located both in the Atacama and Coquimbo regions and is composed of the Choros (29º 15’ S, 71º 32’ W), Damas (29º 13’ S, 71º 31’ W) and Chañaral (29°02’ S, 71°36’ W) islands. Pitfall traps were used to study the taxonomic diversity of epigean insects in Chañaral Island. The study area was divided into 3 vegetationally contrasting ecotopes: E1 represented by a subdesert steppe, E2 represented by a xeric shrubland and E3 represented by a xeric shrub steppe. A total of 730 specimens were captured, belonging to 40 species arranged in 34 genera and 17 families. Four insect orders were recorded, of which the most diverse were Coleoptera, with 29 species, and Hymenoptera, with 7 species. Coleoptera was the most represented group, with 24 genera grouped in 11 families. The richest families were Curculionidae (9 species) and Tenebrionidae (8 species). The highest species richness was recorded in E1 (28 species), followed by E2 (21 species) and E3 (19 species). The number of exclusive species varied between habitats, with E1 showing the highest number (14), and E2 and E3 being represented by 5 and 3 species, respectively. On the other hand, 10 species were common to all three sampled sites. The differences in vegetation between the sites were clearly reflected in the relative abundance and species richness of epigean insects. We did not record the presence of Gyriosomus granulipennis, an endemic species of Choros Island, which confirms that this species is restricted to a specific area of the reserve. This work is the first biological inventory of epigean insects on Chañaral Island.Fil: Pizarro Araya, Jaime. Universidad de la Serena; ChileFil: Alfaro, Fermin M.. Universidad de la Serena; Chile. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Cortes Contreras, Maximiliano. Universidad de la Serena; ChileFil: Rivera, Cristian. Reserva Nacional Pingüino de Humboldt; ChileFil: Vargas Talciani, Paola. Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas; ChileFil: Ojanguren Affilastro, Andres Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

The Importance Of Monoclonal Proteins Determination For The Correct Diagnosis Of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis By [Tc-99m]Tc-diphosphonates

EPS-066 Aim/Introduction: To analyze the influence of the determination of free monoclonal proteins in blood and urine in the final diagnosis of Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis (TTRA). Materials and Methods: We have analyzed 200 [99mTc]Tc-diphosphonates scans: 192 performed on 190 patients under suspicion of TTRA and 7 patients with grade II-III radiotracer myocardial deposit as a casual finding (November/2013 - January/2020). Likewise, clinical and laboratory characteristics (heart failure, LVEF, proBNP levels, immunofixation in serum and/or urine for the detection of monoclonal chains and chronic renal failure) have been evaluated. A positive case has been considered for TTRAwt or senile (Score Perugini II-III scan, negative immunofixation in serum and/or urine, negative genetic study), positive case for hereditary TTRA (Score Perugini II-III scan, negative immunofixation and positive genetic study), positive case for secondary amyloidosis (positive immunofixation and presence of hematologic malignancy) and undetermined amyloidosis (immunofixation not performed or positive and absence of haematologic malignancies at follow-up). Results: 59 positive scans have been detected, 47 men (79’7%) and 12 women (20’3%). The mean age of the group of positives was 82’66 years, while that of the negatives was 72’15. The mean proBNP levels in the positives are 7561, compared to 5869 in the negative group. Immunofixation (serum and/or urine for detection of kappa or lambda monoclonal chains at 30 (50.8%) has been performed on these patients. Finally, 37.2% (22/59) resulted in ATTRwt, 3.4% (2/59) hereditary ATTR (genetic study: variant E54Q and mutation c.424> A (p.Va.122Ile) in exon 4 of TTR) and 1.7% (1/59) secondary amyloidosis. The remaining 34/59 (57.7%) cases were undetermined amyloidosis (6 positive immunofixation and 27 without monoclonal proteins determination). Conclusion: Determination of monoclonal bands in blood and urine is mandatory to correctly characterize cases of cardiac amyloidosis and, in presence of monoclonal bands, to assess the existence of underlying haematological malignancies

Impact Of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy In Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

EPS 196 Aim/Introduction: To analyze how many of the patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) may benefit from SLNB, as well as the impact on patient management, especially in those with early axillary involvement. Materials and Methods: We included patients with breast carcinoma candidates to NCT discussed at the Tumor Committee of our hospital (April/2017-August/2019). All of them were subjected to clinical assessment, ultrasound and, if appropriate, histological analysis, axillary pre and post- NCT. Sentinel lymph node detection was performed after periareolar injection of [99mTc]Tc-nanocoloid (74 MBq) the day before surgery. In some cases, blue dye was injected and/or a pre-NPC metal clip was placed in the affected node. Results: Sixty-two patients were included. NCT achieved a complete breast response in 12 patients, partial in 46 and non-response in 4. Initially, 31 patients were classified as N0 and 31 as N+ (28 N1 and 3 N2), achieving a complete axillary response in 58% of N+ (18). SLNB was performed in 49 patients (79%; 100% in N0 and 58% in N+ from baseline). The gamma detection rate of the sentinel lymph node was 91.8% (93.5% in N0 and 88.9% in N+). 28 lymphadenectomies were undergone (45.2%; 22.5% in N0 and 67.7% in N+), 11 due to positive SLNB (5 N0 and 6 N1), 13 owing to lack of axillary response and 4 caused by the non-localization of the sentinel lymph node. SLNB was performed in 58% of N+ patients, of which 44.4% were negative, avoiding lymphadenectomy. Metal clip and/or blue dye techniques were used in 31 cases (50%). Conclusion: SLNB is viable in a high percentage of patients with previous NCT, with a high detection rate, even in patients with early affected axilla, avoiding lymphadenectomy to patients who achieve a complete response of the axillary lymph node

Medical oncology future plan of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology: challenges and future needs of the Spanish oncologists

Purpose: The SEOM Future Plan is aimed at identifying the main challenges, trends and needs of the medical oncology speciality over the next years, including potential oncologist workforce shortages, and proposing recommendations to overcome them. Methods: The estimations of the required medical oncologists workforce are based on an updated Medical Oncologist Register in Spain, Medical Oncology Departments activity data, dedication times and projected cancer incidence. Challenges, needs and future recommendations were drawn from an opinion survey and an advisory board. Results: A shortage of 211 FTE medical oncologist specialists has been established. To maintain an optimal ratio of 158 new cases/FTE, medical oncology workforce should reach 1881 FTE by 2035. Conclusions: Main recommendations to face the growing demand and complexity of oncology services include a yearly growth of 2.5% of medical oncologist’s workforce until 2035, and development and application of more accurate quality indicators for cancer care and health outcomes measure

An international based survey on perioperative use of tranexamic acid in neurotrauma

Background: Tranexamic acid is used to reduce bleeding, easy to use, affordable and relatively safe. There are few studies on the use of tranexamic acid in trauma and especially in neurosurgery. There is no published study on the trend the use of tranexamic acid in neurotrauma surgery among international doctors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current practice for use of tranexamic acid during neurotrauma surgery. Materials and Methods: A 11-question electronic survey was sent to 25 practicing physicians worldwide. Basic demographic information and estimated rates of use of tranexamic acid during neurotrauma surgery. Results: Twenty five physicians responded to our survey. Very Few trusts (12%) use tranexamic acid during neurotraumasurgery. Conclusion: Further studies are required to establish guidelines in neurosurgery and neurotrauma, especially. The use of this medicine potentially helps improve patient care with head injury and save lives

Identifying gaps on health impacts, exposures, and vulnerabilities to climate change on human health and wellbeing in South America: a scoping review

There is an important gap in regional information on climate change and health, limiting the development of science-based climate policies in South American countries. This study aims to identify the main gaps in the existing scientific literature on the impacts, exposure, and vulnerabilities of climate change on population health. A scoping review was performed guided by four sub-questions focused on the impacts of climate change on physical and mental health, exposure and vulnerability factors of population to climate hazards. The main findings showed that physical impacts mainly included infectious diseases, while mental health impacts included trauma, depression, and anxiety. Evidence on population exposure to climate hazards is limited, and social determinants of health and individual factors were identified as vulnerability factors. Overall, evidence on the intersection between climate change and health is limited in South America and has been generated in silos, with limited transdisciplinary research. More formal and systematic information should be generated to inform public policy

Surgical multicenter collaborative studies: ¿What happen in Latin America?

Antecedentes: GlobalSurg es un grupo internacional de investigadores que tiene como propósito la conducción y la diseminación de robustos estudios colaborativos, internacionales y multicéntricos. Objetivo: Exponer las estrategias necesarias y las barreras encontradas en la conducción de estudios multicéntricos masivos en cirugía. Método: Durante el segundo semestre del año 2020 se llevó a cabo el estudio Surg-Week Prospective International Cohort Study, hasta la fecha el estudio internacional más grande en el campo de la cirugía, con 141,582 pacientes incluidos. Un total de 4975 miniequipos, de uno a cinco integrantes, recopilaron datos de 116 países de todos los continentes. Resultados: La creación de un sitio web oficial del estudio, reportes con información relevante vía e-mail o grupos vía WhatsApp, conformación de un comité de diseminación del protocolo, dictado de webinars sobre publicaciones recientes del equipo, designación de líderes nacionales e internacionales, y la divulgación por medio de sociedades, fueron las estrategias utilizadas para el desarrollo de la investigación. Sin embargo, las barreras detectadas para llevar a cabo el estudio multicéntrico fueron variadas. Conclusiones: Los trabajos colaborativos permiten establecer redes entre diferentes profesionales con el fin de mejorar la calidad de la gestión, las políticas sanitarias y la atención a los pacientes en tiempos de constante cambio.Background: GlobalSurg is an international group of researchers whose purpose is to conduct and disseminate robust collaborative, international and multicenter studies. Objective: To expose the necessary strategies and the barriers crossed in conducting massive multicenter studies in surgery. Method: During the second semester of 2020, the study Surg-Week Prospective International Cohort Study was carried out. Surg-Week has been the largest international study in the field of surgery to date, with 141,582 patients included. A total of 4975 mini-teams, of between 1 and 5 members, collected data from 116 countries on all continents. Results: The creation of an official website for the study, reports with relevant information via email or groups via WhatsApp, formation of a Dissemination Committee of the protocol, delivery of webinars on recent team publications, appointment of leaders at the national and international level, and outreach through partnerships, were the strategies used for the development of the research. However, the barriers turned out to involve different aspects. Conclusions: Collaborative work allows establishing networks between different professionals with the goal of improving the quality of management, health policies and care of our patients in a timely manner of constant change

Traumatic brain injury due to pressure cooker explosion in a child: Case report

Traumatic brain injury is a common condition in the emergency services, affecting the pediatric and adult population significantly. Patterns of head injury as well as management principles in children are important differences compared to adults. Traumatic brain injury by Domestic pressure cooker is rare and has not been described in children, which to our knowledge is the first report in the literature of this nature