Development and validation of thin layer chromatography-densitometry method for analysis of mefenamic acid in tablet

Mefenamic acid is routinely used as tablet dosage forms. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) promotes for higher separation efficiencies, shorter analysis time, lower amounts of mobile phase, and efficient data acquisition and processing. There are various analytical methods for their estimation of mefenamic acid but till date there is no TLC method for its analysis. The paper presents the development and validation of a new TLC method for analysis of mefenamic acid in tablet. Separation was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates. The mobile phase is comprised of chloroform: methanol (9.0: 0.1, v: v). Densitometry evaluation of the separated zones was performed at 320 nm. The drug was satisfactorily resolved with RF values of 0.55 ± 0.03. The accuracy and reliability of the me thod was assessed by evaluation of linearity (50-300 µg/mL), precision intra-day and inter-day RSD values were always less than 2, accuracy (102.45 % ± 1.36% for Sample A and 100.28 % ± 1.90 % for Sample B) in accordance with ICH guidelines. The proposed method is new, accurate and precise. Therefore, it is suitable for determination of mefenamic acid in tablet for analytical and pharmaceutical purposes

PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN PELARUT ETANOL-AIR TERHADAP KADAR SENYAWA FENOLAT TOTAL DAN DAYA ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.)

A Study has been conducted to determine the influence of ethanol-water ratio on the concentration of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of extract of soursop leaves. Ethanol-water ratio used were ethanol 96%, ethanol-water 2:1 and ethanol-water 1:1. Concentration of phenolic compounds were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant activities were detemined by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl method. Results showed that the ratio of ethanol-water had a significant influence on the total content of phenolic compounds (p < 0.05). Highest content of total phenolic compound was obtained by using ethanol-water 1:1, whereas the highest antioxidant activity was obtained by using ethanol 96%

Development and Validation of Loperamide Hydrochloride Tablet Analysis Method with Absorbance and Area under Curve Methods Spectrophotometrically

Development and validation of loperamide hydrochloride tablet method of analysis with absorbance method and area under the curve method have been done. This study used methanol and hydrochloric acid 0.1 N (9: 1) as the best solvent with maximum absorption at wavelength 259.00 nm. Linearity of loperamide hydrochloride was obtained in the concentration range 200-600 ppm with correlation coefficient value with absorbance method and the areas under the curve method were 0.9998 and 0.9865, respectively. The results showed that the levels of loperamide hydrochloride in generic tablets obtained by absorbance method and the area under the curve method were 105.71% and 96.20%, respectively. The results of determination of loperamide levels in tablets of trademark obtained by absorbance method and the area under the curve method were 102.85% and 98.57%, respectively. The level of both samples met the requirements of Pharmacopoeia Indonesia edition V that is 90% -110%

DAYA ANTIJAMUR BEBERAPA SHAMPOO ANTIKETOMBE

Antifungal activities of five kind of shampoo containing merang: omadir MDS, selenium sulfide, zincpyrithione and sulfurespectively, ur their activt ingredients, have been evaluated against Aspergillus sp., Candida sp. an( Tichophyton rubrum. Their activities were tested by use the paper disk method where tht inhibition zones of the fungal growth were measured. Data obtained b this method were treated statistically. Result of this evaluation showed tha the five kind of shampoo differed in their antifungal activities at the 5 percen or L percent level of signifinace. Shampoo containing omadin MDS 21d zinr pyrithione were more effective againsl the tested fungi than the others

PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI MIKROKRISTALIN SELULOSA DARI LIMBAH SERBUK KAYU PENGGERGAJIAN

A study on the preparation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from waste of sawdust has been carried out. A total of 300 grams of sawdust made into alphacellulose by multistage pulping method and hydrolyzed by using hydrochloric acid to produce microcrystalline cellulose, which was characterized further. Microcrystalline cellulose obtained as much as 99 grams with a yield of 33%. The organoleptic characteristics were fine powder, white, odorless, and tasteless. Identification with a solution of iodinated zinc chloride produced a blue violet and the infrared spectrum produced nearly the same wavenumber with Vivacel PH 102®. Solubility in water was 0.117% and the pH was 5.08, dissolved in a solution of ammonia-copper tetramin. The loss on drying was 5.85 %, the bulk density was 0.329 g/ml and tapped density was 0.542 g/ml. Carr's index value was 39.60%, Hausner ratio was 1.656 and Hydration capacity was 3.191. There was no starch on this microcrystalline cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose from waste of sawdust generally met the pharmacopoeia requirements and the characteristics were not significantly different from Vivacel PH 102®

BIOSYNTHESIS OF COPOLYMER POLY (3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYVALERATE) FROM PALM OIL AND N-PENTANOL IN A 10L BIOREACTOR

The production of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer, P (3HB-co-3HV) from palm oil and a second carbon source by using bacteria Erwinia sp. USMI-20 in a 10L bioreactor has been done. Fermentation process was conducted through a single stage batch cultivation method under aerobic condition at pH 7.0, incubation temperature of 30 oC, and an agitation rate of 200 rpm for 66 hours. The production of the biopolymer was done from an initial growth on palm oil with a subsequent single feeding of n-pentanol. In this case, n-pentanol was used as a second carbon source to introduce the mole fraction of the 3-hydroxyvalerate, 3HV unit. The characterization of the polymer production was supported cell growth, polymer compound content and therefore the mole fraction of the 3-hydroxyvalerate unit. From this study, the composition of the polyester was noted to vary during the cultivation period. The highest amount of 3HV unit in the polyester at 48 hours of cultivation was 20 mole percent, the maximum amount of polymer content at 62.37 weight percent, biomass of 4.8 g/l and the maximum specific growth rate and specific polymer production were 0.401 hr-1 and 0.047 hr-1 respectively

PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN PELARUT ETANOL-AIR TERHADAP KADAR SENYAWA FENOLAT TOTAL DAN DAYA ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.)

A Study has been conducted to determine the influence of ethanol-water ratio on the concentration of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of extract of soursop leaves. Ethanol-water ratio used were ethanol 96%, ethanol-water 2:1 and ethanol-water 1:1. Concentration of phenolic compounds were determined by Folin-Ciocalteau method and antioxidant activities were detemined by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl method. Results showed that the ratio of ethanol-water had a significant influence on the total content of phenolic compounds (p < 0.05). Highest content of total phenolic compound was obtained by using ethanol-water 1:1, whereas the highest antioxidant activity was obtained by using ethanol 96%

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SOLID DISPERSION OF KETOPROFEN–POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE K-30

Objective: The aim of the current study was to prepare an amorphous solid dispersion of ketoprofen in polymer PVP K-30 by solvent co-evaporation technique and to characterize the physicochemical properties. Methods: An amorphous solid dispersion of ketoprofen, a water insoluble non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drug with polyvinyl pyrrolidone K-30, were prepared by solvent co-evaporation method at drug to polymer ratios 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:9 (w/w). Physicochemical properties of the solid drug were evaluated by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dissolution studies were conducted according to the USP paddle method.Results: The X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis showed that ketoprofen was transformed from a crystalline phase to an amorphous state, as showed by disappearance of its characteristic of diffraction peaks and an endothermic peak. SEM Microphoto of amorphous solid dispersion showed homogeneous size and morphology. In addition, ketoprofen in amorphous solid dispersion showed better dissolution rate compared to crystalline drugs. The dissolution efficiency (DE) of ketoprofen from its amorphous solid dispersion increased with an increasing ratio of polymer.Conclusion: The study has shown that dispersions of ketoprofen into water-soluble polymer PVP K-30 formed an amorphous ketoprofen in solid dispersion system. All amorphous solid dispersion of ketoprofen in PVP K-30 prepared by solvent co-evaporation demonstrated a significant improvement in dissolution rate of ketoprofen compared to pure ketoprofen.Â