Hydrodynamic and Advection-Dispersion Simulation of Cool Seawater Discharges from an LNG Facility

7-14The impact of cool seawater discharge in the coastal waters from a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant has been simulated using MIKE21. In this work, hydrodynamics conditions of the coastal waters were calibrated and corroborated to predict the cool seawater discharge under two plant design scenarios by selecting flow rate 15 m3/s and 10 m3/s with a temperature drop of 5 °C and 7 °C, respectively. The simulations were carried out under different scenarios, to arrive at the best possible case to minimize the potential impact on the coastal environment. Both the simulated scenarios complied with the available World Bank guidelines for LNG facilities. However, the designed scenario of flow rate 10 m3/s with a temperature drop of 7 °C between inlet and outlet presents a better choice as it reduces the pumping power of seawater intake. As there are no Indian guidelines for cool seawater discharges from LNG plant, the present work can support the policymakers and regulators to formulate coherent discharge standards

Hydrodynamic and Advection-Dispersion Simulation of Cool Seawater Discharges from an LNG Facility

The impact of cool seawater discharge in the coastal waters from a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant has been simulated using MIKE21. In this work, hydrodynamics conditions of the coastal waters were calibrated and corroborated to predict the cool seawater discharge under two plant design scenarios by selecting flow rate 15 m3/s and 10 m3/s with a temperature drop of 5 °C and 7 °C, respectively. The simulations were carried out under different scenarios, to arrive at the best possible case to minimize the potential impact on the coastal environment. Both the simulated scenarios complied with the available World Bank guidelines for LNG facilities. However, the designed scenario of flow rate 10 m3/s with a temperature drop of 7 °C between inlet and outlet presents a better choice as it reduces the pumping power of seawater intake. As there are no Indian guidelines for cool seawater discharges from LNG plant, the present work can support the policymakers and regulators to formulate coherent discharge standards

Compliance Of Noise Standards During COVID Pandemic In Residential And Silence Zone

Lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic is imposed all over the countries for the containment of corona virus disease worldwide. Hence all forms of transport (trains, flights, and automobiles), industrial activities, shopping malls, and social activities, except essential commodities and services, are restricted according to lockdown policies. Such cumbersome constraints influenced the economic circumstances of the country. At the same time, environmental conditions are enhanced temporarily, which can be considered as a silver lining. A research study is executed to quantify the consequences of lockdown on the noise pollution levels in Nagpur city of Maharashtra. During the lockdown conditions, the noise monitoring was conducted at 3 locations (1 source – National Highway and 2 receptors– residential and silence zone). Further, the noise levels are distinguished from noise levels during the pre-lockdown condition. The research study concludes a massive reduction of approximately 10 and 11.3 dB (A) in the noise level along the national highway in lockdown conditions during day and night time respectively. The study reveals that during lockdown conditions, the noise level plunged below the prescribed legal limit for the residential zone as well as the silence zone. As an outcome of this lockdown, noise pollution has reduced immensely, the dominant reason being a decrement in the traffic volume, which also entails a reduction in honking. The study revealed that prescribed legal noise level standards are achievable, which failed to comply for many decades. In such a case, the study stipulates a new dimension of thought process to control noise pollution in urban areas, promoting sustainability with acoustical comfort. Many aspects of the current lockdown can be carried forward and reconstructed to be comprehended in the post lockdown scenarios

Efficacy of platelet rich plasma injection in treatment of plantar fasciitis

Background: Platelet rich plasma is a recently introduced therapy for treatment of chronic painful conditions in orthopaedics, it acts mainly by promoting healing process. PRP has an increased concentration of platelets which initiate tissue repair by releasing growth factors. Increased concentrations of autologous platelets yield high concentrations of growth factors, subsequently leading to intensified healing of soft tissue on a cellular level. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of platelet rich plasma injection in treatment of plantar fasciitis.Methods: This study was conducted on the patients coming to orthopaedic OPD at MGM medical college and hospital, kamothe, Navi Mumbai. Total of 40 planter fasciitis cases were taken in this study. Out these 40 patients 23 were Male and 17 were female. The mean age 45.85 (range 25-75). Patients were followed up for 3 months with regular interval and at each visit vas score was evaluated and noted.Total duration of study was 3 months from October 2016 to December 2016.Results: The mean pre injection vas score was 7.15 (Male – 7.13, Female – 6.70). The mean vas score at time of follow up after one week was 6.20 (Male – 6.22 Female – 6.18). The mean vas score at time of follow up after 6 week was 5.62 (Male – 5.66 Female – 5.70).  The mean vas score at time of follow up after 3 months was 3.20 (Male – 3.13 Female – 3.29). Conclusions: PRP in plantar fasciitis shows promising short term results providing patients with gradual sustained pain relief, improving daily function and lifestyle activity level. However long term results needs to be evaluated

Design and development of light weight porous matrix using industrial waste

The aim of the current study is to optimise the composite mixture of fly ash, rubber waste and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)for the design and development of a light weight porous matrix. The composite matrices have been evaluated based on the engineering properties consisting of compressive strength, density, open porosity (VR%) and water-material ratio (WM%). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used for the observation of the microstructure of cement, tyre rubber granules, fly ash and the optimized composite matrix. The compressive strength and density decrease with the increasing quantity of waste tyre rubber granules in the matrix, whereas the porosity of the matrix enhances. Since, the rubber granules act like voids in the composite matrix, results into the development of light weight porous matrix, which is also confirmed by SEM analysis. The study confirms the usability of the composite matrix aslow-cost partition walls or low load bearing structures. The utilization of the waste material reduces the land requirement for huge disposal site as well as reduces the carbon footprint due to the reduced utilization of cement. The composite matrix can be further utilized through proper design mix with additional construction materials such as fine and coarse aggregate to broaden the applications horizon in civil and environmental engineering

Flow visualization of pollutant mixing in freshwater body near the density maximum

Mixing in water bodies forms a major part of the environmental hydraulic studies. In the present study, effects of density variations in freshwater manifested in the form of convection currents on the water quality parameters is studied. Convection forms a dominant mixing mechanism for near-stagnant lakes i.e. with high residence times. However, due to tedious computations involved in simulating natural convection, water quality models available commercially or open-source solve vertically hydrostatic equations which fail to capture the circulation currents. A hydrodynamic model is conceptualized for describing the setting up of vertical circulation currents driven by the buoyancy. 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes, plus equations for transport of scalars (heat and concentration) are formulated and solved. Concentration profile of a conservative parameter is simulated to study the anomaly in temperature-density relationship on mixing.Density is assumed to be a function of temperature only (at 0.1Mpa) and various formulations like linear, quadratic and IAWPS(The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam)are used in the model. The phenomenon is investigated near 4°C i.e. at the anomalous behavior of temperature-density curve. Impact of this anomaly on the hydrodynamics and subsequently on the mixing of water quality parameter is studied and visualized to facilitate interpretation and use. Modeling and simulation results for the hydrodynamics are validated against reported work

A questionnaire-based study on knowledge and attitude towards counterfeit medication among the doctors in tertiary care hospital

Background: Counterfeit drugs are a global problem and suffered almost all developing and developed countries worldwide. In India, it is a major problem which results life threatening issues as well as financial loss on health system. So, we conducted a cross sectional questionnaire-based study on knowledge and exposure to counterfeit drugs of doctors at SHKM Govt. Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India.Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 100 registered doctors. The questionnaire was based on knowledge, attitude and its consequence on the heath system by the practices of counterfeit medication.Results: There were Twenty questionnaires excluded from the study due to incomplete information. Only 57.77% (46/80) subjects having the knowledge of questionnaire correct meaning of counterfeit drug. However, almost 90% (72/80) subjects were aware about its dangerous effects. More than 50% of the subjects have suggested that modern technology is capable to control counterfeiting of the medicine.Conclusions: Counterfeit drugs create a people health hazard and waste to consumer income. The proper knowledge, awareness and modern technological approaches are the devices may helpful in diminution of counterfeit medication practices.

Identification of Inlet and Outlet Locations for Cool Seawater Discharges from an LNG Facility

Two-dimensional hydrodynamic and advection-dispersion simulations were carried out to identify the appropriate locations of inlet and outlet for cool seawater discharges from the proposed Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminal using MIKE-21 suites of software. The model simulations were validated by comparing the observed and simulated hydrodynamics in terms of water depths, current speeds and directions. The model is satisfactorily correlated with coefficients 0.98, 0.86 and 0.91 for water depth, current speed and direction, respectively. The validated model was extended to predict the advection-dispersion phenomena for the two scenarios based on positions of inlet and outlet and their discharges. The predicted results of cool water discharges were compared to the existing Environmental Health and Safety, World Bank guidelines forLNG discharge facilities. It was observed that a trade-off is required before taking engineering decisions for selecting an environmentally acceptable and energy efficient option for such cool water discharges from an LNG facilit

Deployment of Real-Time Network Traffic Analysis using GraphBLAS Hypersparse Matrices and D4M Associative Arrays

Matrix/array analysis of networks can provide significant insight into their behavior and aid in their operation and protection. Prior work has demonstrated the analytic, performance, and compression capabilities of GraphBLAS (graphblas.org) hypersparse matrices and D4M (d4m.mit.edu) associative arrays (a mathematical superset of matrices). Obtaining the benefits of these capabilities requires integrating them into operational systems, which comes with its own unique challenges. This paper describes two examples of real-time operational implementations. First, is an operational GraphBLAS implementation that constructs anonymized hypersparse matrices on a high-bandwidth network tap. Second, is an operational D4M implementation that analyzes daily cloud gateway logs. The architectures of these implementations are presented. Detailed measurements of the resources and the performance are collected and analyzed. The implementations are capable of meeting their operational requirements using modest computational resources (a couple of processing cores). GraphBLAS is well-suited for low-level analysis of high-bandwidth connections with relatively structured network data. D4M is well-suited for higher-level analysis of more unstructured data. This work demonstrates that these technologies can be implemented in operational settings.Comment: Accepted to IEEE HPEC, 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, 69 references. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2203.13934. text overlap with arXiv:2309.0180

Focusing and Calibration of Large Scale Network Sensors using GraphBLAS Anonymized Hypersparse Matrices

Defending community-owned cyber space requires community-based efforts. Large-scale network observations that uphold the highest regard for privacy are key to protecting our shared cyberspace. Deployment of the necessary network sensors requires careful sensor placement, focusing, and calibration with significant volumes of network observations. This paper demonstrates novel focusing and calibration procedures on a multi-billion packet dataset using high-performance GraphBLAS anonymized hypersparse matrices. The run-time performance on a real-world data set confirms previously observed real-time processing rates for high-bandwidth links while achieving significant data compression. The output of the analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of these procedures at focusing the traffic matrix and revealing the underlying stable heavy-tail statistical distributions that are necessary for anomaly detection. A simple model of the corresponding probability of detection ($p_{\rm d}$) and probability of false alarm ($p_{\rm fa}$) for these distributions highlights the criticality of network sensor focusing and calibration. Once a sensor is properly focused and calibrated it is then in a position to carry out two of the central tenets of good cybersecurity: (1) continuous observation of the network and (2) minimizing unbrokered network connections.Comment: Accepted to IEEE HPEC, 9 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, 63 references, 2 appendice