Hydroxyapatite coating deposited on grade 4 Titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

The present study reports the deposition of coating using Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) onto grade 4 titanium to produce novel surface features. Samples were treated in an electrolytic solution of calcium acetate and sodium glycerolphosphate. The temporal evolution of hydroxyapatite coatings with high Ra roughness and a maximum thickness of 120 μm was obtained. X-ray spectra revealed the presence of hydroxyapatite, rutile and calcium phosphate. Cell growth measurement by MTT assay showed that the coatings were not toxic because cells grew on all samples17614271433CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçã

Surface characterization and osteoblast-like Cells culture on collagen modified PLDLA scaffolds

Surface modification techniques based on the grafting of chemical functional groups and immobilization of bioactive molecules have been used to improve biocompatibility and clinical performance of bioabsorbable scaffolds in tissue engineering and medicine regenerative applications. This study aimed at developing and characterizing a biomimetic surface to stimulate bone regeneration by a simple and low-cost method of surface biofunctionalization of the poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid)- PLDLA scaffolds. The method was obtained by grafting reaction of carboxyl groups (-COOH) on their surface via acrylic acid (AAc) polymerization process, followed by immobilization of collagen type I (Col). Such approach resulted in a surface morphology markedly modified after treatment, with increase of pores and roughness on PLDLA-AAc surfaces and a network of fibrillar collagen deposition in nonspecific areas of PLDLA-Col surfaces. The cytocompatibility of collagen-immobilized scaffolds was significantly improved in terms of cellular adhesion, proliferation, collagen synthesis and maintenance of osteoblast-like phenotype, indicating, therefore, the fundamental role of collagen protein over the biological interactions that occur by bio-recognition mimetic mechanisms at biomaterials interface. These results indicate that the surface modification method used here may be useful as a strategy to develop biofunctional scaffolds, which provide a more successful clinical application of biomaterials in the tissue engineering field17615231534FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2012/12081-2; 2007/05089-

Aplicação do eletrocapilaridade na manipulação de microgotas

A modificação da tensão superficial de um líquido depositado sobre uma superfície sólida pela aplicação de um campo elétrico entre estes dois elementos é denominada eletromolhabilidade. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a eletromolhabilidade em filmes poliméricos depositados sobre amostras de alumínio pela técnica de Implantação Iônica e Deposição por Imersão em Plasma, IIDIP, usando descargas produzidas a partir de misturas de acetileno ('C IND. 2 'H IND.2') e argônio. Imediatamente após as deposições, os filmes foram expostos a plasmas de 'SF IND. 6' para a obtenção de superfícies mais hidrofóbicas. Em uma primeira etapa do estudo foi variada a condição de deposição, enquanto em etapas posteriores foram variados o tempo e a potência do tratamento com 'SF IND. 6'. A composição dos filmes e a estrutura química foram analisadas por espectroscopias de fotoelétrons de raios X e de absorção no infravermelho. A energia livre de superfície e a molhabilidade foram obtidas através de medidas de ângulo de contato, usando água e diiodometano como líquidos de teste. O fenômeno da eletromolhabilidade foi avaliado medindo-se o ângulo de contato em função da diferença de potencial aplicada entre um fio de cobre em contato com uma gota de água colocada sobre o filme e o substrato de alumínio. A resistividade elétrica superficial foi medida por um eletrômetro digital usando o método das duas pontas. Foi observado que as propriedades dos filmes são fortemente dependentes das condições de deposição e tratamento. Variações tão grandes do ângulo de contato quanto 45° foram obtidas com aplicação de 110 V.The modification of the superficial tension of a liquid deposited onto a solid surface by the application of an electric field between these two elements is denominated electrowetting. In this work it has been evaluated the electrowetting ability of thin polymeric films. The films were deposited onto aluminum plates by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition technique, PIIID, from acetylene ('C IND. 2 'H IND.2') and argon atmospheres. Immediately after the depositions the films were exposed to 'SF IND. 6' plasmas to enhance the hydrophobicity of the surfaces. A set of samples were produced under different deposition parameters and a second set of experiments were performed submitting the samples to 'SF IND. 6' plasmas under different excitation power and exposure times. The composition of the films has been analyzed by xray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. Surface free energy and wettability have been evaluated by contact angle measurements using water and diiodomethane as probe liquids. The electrowetting effect was quantified by measuring the contact angle as a function of the DC voltage applied between a copper wire in contact with the water droplet placed onto the film and the aluminum substrate. Surface electrical resistivity was measured by a digital electrometer using the two-point probe method. It has been observed that film properties are strongly dependent on both the conditions of deposition and treatment. Variation as high as 45° in the contact angle have been observed with the application of 110 V.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Efeito da implantação iônica por imersão em plasmas sobre a bioatividade de titânio

Neste trabalho a técnica de Implantação Iônica e Deposição por Imersão em Plasma, IIDIP, foi utilizada para deposição de filmes contendo cálcio sobre a superfície de titânio. Os parâmetros de deposição foram variados buscando-se condições que tornassem o titânio o mais bioativo possível. Para a deposição dos filmes contendo cálcio foram utilizados, como precursores, vapor de nitrato de cálcio dissolvido em álcool isopropílico ou cálcio granulado. Para avaliar a bioatividade dos filmes as amostras foram imersas em solução corpórea simulada, SBF. Espectrometria de emissão de raios X induzida por partículas carregadas (PIXE), espectroscopia de reflexão/absorção no infravermelho(IRRAS), espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios-x (XPS), difração de raios X (DRX) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS) foram utilizadas para análises da composição química e estrutura molecular dos filmes depositados. A morfologia da superfície foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). A espessura dos filmes foi medida por perfilometria, enquanto a energia de superfície e ângulo de contato foram obtidos pelo método da gota séssil em um goniômetro automatizado. Células osteoblásticas foram semeadas sobre amostras de titânio recobertas com o filme a plasma e controle e cultivadas para investigação da adesão e viabilidade celulares. Espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica foi utilizada para avaliar modificações algumas amostras de titânio após a deposição a plasma e a imersão em SBF. Os resultados mostraram melhora na bioatividade do material, sendo que a viabilidade de células osteoblásticas aumentou mais de 100% para uma amostra de titânio tratada por IIDIP a partir de vapor da solução de nitrato de cálcio. Esse aumento na viabilidade foi atribuído a elevados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônicoIn this work Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition, PIID, technique was employed for deposition of calcium-containing films on titanium surfaces. The deposition parameters have been varied in search of conditions that would enhance the bioactivity of titanium surfaces as much as possible. Vapor of solution of calcium nitrate dissolved in isopropyl alcohol, or the sublimation of granulated metalic calcium were used as Ca precursors. The superficial modifications were investigated before and after soaking the samples in SBF. Particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE), infrared reflectance/absorbance (IRRAS), x-ray photoelectron (XPS), x-ray difraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDS) spectroscopies were used to characterize the chemical composition and molecular structure of the films. The surface morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (MEV) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thickness of the films was measurement by profilometry, while the surface energy and contact angle were assessed using the sessible drop method in an automated goniometer. Osteoblast cells was seeded on the coated titanium and controls and cultured to investigate cell adhesion and viability. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS, was used to evaluate changes after plasma deposition and soaking in SBF. Osteoblast cells viability increased 100% in a titanium sample treated by PIIID from vapor of calcium nitrate solution. The increasing in cell viability has been ascribed to high values of roughness and surface energy. Calcium and phosphorous were detected in samples treated by PIIID from granulated calcium after soaking in SBF. Micrographs of those surfaces have revealed morphologies typical of apatite, which presence has been confirmed by XPS and XRD. High resolution XPS spectra... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Effect of ion irradiation on the structural properties and hardness of a-C:H:Si:O:F films

Amorphous carbon-based thin films, a-C:H:Si:O:F, were obtained by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) from mixtures of hexamethyldisiloxane, sulfur hexafluoride and argon. For PIIID the sample holder was biased with negative 25 kV pulses at 60 Hz. The main system parameter was the proportion of SF6 in the reactor feed, R-SF. To allow comparison to growth without intentional ion implantation, some films were also grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The objectives were to investigate the effects of fluorine incorporation and ion implantation on the film's chemical structure, and principally on the surface contact angle, hardness and friction coefficient. Infrared and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic analyses revealed that the films are essentially amorphous and polymer-like, and that fluorine is incorporated for any non-zero value of R-SF. Choice of R-SF influences film composition and structure but ion implantation also plays a role. Depending on R-SF, hydrophilic or hydrophobic films may be produced. Ion implantation is beneficial while fluorine incorporation is detrimental to hardness. For ion implanted films the friction coefficient falls about one third as R-SF is increased from 0 to 60%. Films prepared by PIIID without fluorine incorporation present fairly low friction coefficients and hardnesses greater than those of conventional polymers.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Modification of plasma polymer films by ion implantation

In this work, thin polymer films were prepared from acetylene and argon radiofrequency (13.56 MHz, 80 W) glow discharges. Post-deposition treatment was performed by plasma immersion ion implantation in nitrogen or helium glow discharges (13.56 MHz, 70 W). In these cases, samples were biased with 25 kV negative pulses. Exposure time to the bombardment plasma, t, ranged from 900 to 7200 s. Chemical composition of the film surfaces was investigated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and the resistance to oxidation by the etching process, in reactive oxygen plasmas. Oxygen and nitrogen were detected in all the samples. While the concentration of the former continuously changed with t, that of N kept practically constant in small proportions. The film is predominantly formed by sp² states, but the proportion of sp³ hybridization slightly increased with t. The etching rate dropped under certain conditions of nitrogen bombardment whereas helium implantation has not significantly improved it. These results are ascribed to the crosslinking degree of the polymeric chains, ruled by the total amount of energy delivered to the film