Anthelmintic Effect Of Ethanol Extract Of Pare Leaf (Momordica Charantia L.) Against Female Ascaris Suum Worm In Vitro

Ascariasis is word wide, most common intestinal worm infection. It is most commonly found in tropical and subtropical climates, developing areas with poor sanitation and poor hygiene. More than 807 million people are infected with ascariasis and more than 60.000 die from the disease annually. Ascariasis could be prevented by maintaining environment sanitary and treatment as well as pharmacotherapy using synthetic drugs or traditional medicine as alternative, one of them is pare leaf (Momordica charantia L.).Objective to know the anthelmintic effect of ethanol extract of pare leaf (EEPL) on Ascaris suum in vitro. Methods This research is a real experimental, using the complete randomized design (CRD), comparative test. Measured data is the numbers and mean percentage of paralyzed / dead worms after treated with EEPL 10%,20%,40%, NaCl0,9% (control), and Pyrantel pamoate (comparator) and incubated in 37o C for 3 hours. Numbers of paralyzed / dead worms was analyzed with ANOVA method, continued by Tukey HSD with α = 0.05 using computer program. Significant result is based on p < 0.05. Result of this research were numbers and mean percentage of paralyzed / dead worms after treated with EEPL 10%, 20%, and 40% which have been incubated for 3 hours are 75.33%, 82.67% dan 88.00.%. This result have a very significant difference compared to group treated with NaCl 0.9% (p < 0.01). Conclusion: ethanol extract of pare leaf has an anthelmintic effect againts Ascaris suum in vitro

Shift in the Funding Theory Paradigm: From Newtonian-Positivistic to Critical-Phenomenology

Theories about funding have developed rapidly, it was starting from the traditional-rational theory to the behavior-based funding theory, which responds to the gap between the reality and financial theories. The theoretical developments can depict the real condition about financial management involving funding decisions, investment decisions, and dividend policies in an enterprise. These developments and evolution enable financial managers and also entrepreneurs to realistically apply them in their business activities. This research used meta synthesis analysis technique to integrate results from a number of different but inter-related qualitative studies. There has already been a shift in the funding theory paradigm from a Newtonian paradigm which emphasizes positivistic epistemology leading to a Critical paradigm, which places more emphasis on a phenomenological approach to see the reality. This shift has resulted in many changes related to the financial essence, research related to finance, as well as the advantages of the funding or financing theory in a company. A new essence about funding has surfaced, where funding and its benefits can solve company funding problems

Evaluation of cephalometric, hormonal and enzymatic parameters in young obese subjects

Aim The aim of the present investigation was to analyse cephalometric skeletal structures and hormonal and enzymatic parameters in young obese subjects in comparison with those of normal weight subjects. Materials and methods The whole sample consisted of 50 Caucasian patients (28 males and 22 females) whose lateral radiographs, laboratory hormonal and enzymatic analyses were already available. The test group included 25 obese patients (11 females and 14 males, average age: 9.8 ± 2.11 years old), while the control group included 25 normal weight subjects matched for age and sex (11 females and 14 males, 9.9 ± 2.5 years old). Data were statistically analysed: Student’s t-test for independent samples was adopted and the level of significance was set at: p< 0.05. Results As regards cephalometric records, the anterior cranial base length was significantly greater in the test group (S-N: 69.9 ± 4 mm) compared to the controls (S-N: 68.1 ± 2.7 mm). Moreover, the maxillary lenght was higher in the test group (Pm-A: 48.5 ± 2.5 mm ) in comparison to the control group (Pm-A: 46.1 ± 1.9 mm). As regards skeletal class and vertical dimension, no significant differences were found between the two groups, with the exception of the intermaxillary plane angle, which was significantly lower in the obese subjects in comparison to the controls. Laboratory analysis showed significant (p <0.05) higher levels of leptin and insulin in the test group in comparison with control subjects. Furthermore, LH, FSH, IGF-1 values were significantly (p <0.05) lower in the test group in comparison with the control group. Conclusion Obese subjects exhibited an increase of some craniofacial parameters and alteration of some laboratory parameters that may be involved in the process of skeletal maturation, in comparison to normal weight subjects. These findings may be of interest in orthodontics, as young obese subjects may need a different orthodontic treatment plan in comparison to Evaluation normal weight subjects of the same age

Computing Matveev's complexity via crystallization theory: the boundary case

The notion of Gem-Matveev complexity has been introduced within crystallization theory, as a combinatorial method to estimate Matveev's complexity of closed 3-manifolds; it yielded upper bounds for interesting classes of such manifolds. In this paper we extend the definition to the case of non-empty boundary and prove that for each compact irreducible and boundary-irreducible 3-manifold it coincides with the modified Heegaard complexity introduced by Cattabriga, Mulazzani and Vesnin. Moreover, via Gem-Matveev complexity, we obtain an estimation of Matveev's complexity for all Seifert 3-manifolds with base $\mathbb D^2$ and two exceptional fibers and, therefore, for all torus knot complements.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figure

Synthesis of Novel Methyl 3-(hetero)arylthieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylates and Antitumor Activity Evaluation: Studies In Vitro and In Ovo Grafts of Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) with a Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line

A series of novel functionalized methyl 3-(hetero)arylthieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylates 2a–2h were synthesized by C-C Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of methyl 3-bromothieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate with (hetero)aryl pinacol boranes, trifluoro potassium boronate salts or boronic acids. Their antitumoral potential was evaluated in two triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines—MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, by sulforhodamine B assay. Their effects on the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that three compounds caused growth inhibition in both TNBC cell lines, with little or no effect against the non-tumorigenic cells. The most promising compound was further studied concerning possible effects on cell viability (by trypan blue exclusion assay), cell proliferation (by bromodeoxyuridine assay) and cell cycle profile (by flow cytometry). The results demonstrated that the GI50 concentration of compound 2e (13 μM) caused a decreased in MDA-MB-231 cell number, which was correlated with a decreased in the % of proliferating cells. Moreover, this compound increased G0/G1 phase and decreased S phases, when compared to control cells (although was not statistic significant). Interestingly, compound 2e also reduced tumor size using an in ovo CAM (chick chorioallantoic membrane) model. This work highlights the potential antitumor effect of a novel methyl 3-arylthieno[3,2-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate derivative.This research was funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT)-Portugal that financially supports CQUM (UID/QUI/686/2019), also financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), COMPETE2020 and Portugal2020, the PTNMR network also supported by Portugal2020. C.P.R.X. is supported through the post-doc grant SFRH/BPD/122871/2016 and J.M.R. through the doctoral grant SFRH/BD/115844/2016, by FCT, ESF (European Social Fund) and HCOP (Human Capital Operational Programme)

Immunization and Aging: a Learning Process in the Immune Network

The immune system can be thought as a complex network of different interacting elements. A cellular automaton, defined in shape-space, was recently shown to exhibit self-regulation and complex behavior and is, therefore, a good candidate to model the immune system. Using this model to simulate a real immune system we find good agreement with recent experiments on mice. The model exhibits the experimentally observed refractory behavior of the immune system under multiple antigen presentations as well as loss of its plasticity caused by aging.Comment: 4 latex pages, 3 postscript figures attached. To be published in Physical Review Letters (Tentatively scheduled for 5th Oct. issue

New potential antitumoral fluorescent tetracyclic thieno[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives: interaction with DNA and encapsulation in nanoliposomes

This work was funded by FCT-Portugal and FEDER through CFUM, CQ-UM, Project PTDC/QUI/81238/2006 cofinanced by FCT and program FEDER/COMPETE (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007467) and PhD grants of M.S.D. Carvalho (SFRH/BD/47052/2008) and R.C. Calhelha (SFRH/BD/29274/2006)