Education, Entrepreneurship and Immigration: America's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Part II

Analyzes the educational backgrounds and career trajectories of immigrant entrepreneurs, finding that advanced education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics is correlated with high rates of entrepreneurship and innovation

Latin American immigrants are less likely to be authorized to work in the U.S. than similar immigrants from other countries.

Employment based visa programs offer a way for hundreds of thousands of foreign individuals to work in the U.S. every year. But is there any bias in who gets approved and who does not? In new research that examines nearly 200,000 labor certification applications, Ben A. Rissing and Emilio J. Castilla find that foreign workers from Latin America are 23 percent less likely than Canadians to be certified to work in the U.S., and that Asians are 13 percent more likely to be approved than Canadians. This said, they find no statistically significant differences in approval outcomes by immigrant world region during government evaluations of audited applications – which are reached using detailed employment-relevant information. To address unequal outcomes in these assessments, Rissing and Castilla suggest that the foreign worker citizenship field within the labor certification application be removed during government evaluations

Inequality in the work visa approvals of U.S. immigrants

Thesis (S.M. in Management Research)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-43).This study examines how U.S. immigration policies, as implemented by agents acting on behalf of the federal government, shape migration and key employment outcomes of skilled foreign nationals. Using a unique dataset, which encompasses the entire population of 1,441,856 H-1B temporary work visa requests evaluated by government agents from May 2005 to April 2010, I assess whether agents' visa approval and denial decisions are shaped by immigrants' sending country characteristics. Through this program, government agents mediate a key institutional boundary: access to the U.S. labor market, by conferring or withholding "current" legal standing to potential immigrants. Controlling for important application evaluation criteria, I find that immigrant workers from sending countries with lower levels of economic development are less likely to receive approvals for initial and continuing employment requests, all else equal. Government agents' visa approvals may also shape career mobility among those immigrants previously granted legal standing through the evaluation of requests to change jobs or employers. In these evaluations, however, sending country level of economic development is not a statistically significant predictor of approval. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for theories of inequality and labor market mobility, in addition to practical considerations regarding the efficient and fair administration of immigration policy.by Ben A. Rissing.S.M.in Management Researc

On Suicidal punishment among "Acromyrmex Versicolor" Cofoundresses: the Disadvantage in Personal Advantage

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Intellectual Property, the Immigration Backlog, and a Reverse Brain-Drain

Finds an increase in the contributions of foreign nationals to U.S. intellectual property and the nation's overall economic competitiveness, and seeks to explain this increase through an analysis of the immigrant-visa backlog for skilled workers

Education and Tech Entrepreneurship

Examines trends among U.S.-born founders of engineering and technology firms started between 1995 and 2005: age, location, education level, academic field, school, years after completion at the time of founding, and any correlations between these factors

The Globalization of Innovation: Pharmaceuticals

Analyzes trends in the global pharmaceutical industry, with a focus on intellectual property creation, business relationships, value-chain activity, and opportunities in India and China. Includes profiles of Indian and Chinese pharmaceutical firms

Prevalence of left atrial abnormalities in atrial fibrillation versus normal sinus patients

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) may be the cause or sequela of left atrial abnormalities and variants. PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of left atrial (LA) abnormalities in AF patients compared to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 281 cardiac CT examinations from 2010 to 2012, excluding patients with prior pulmonary vein ablation, known coronary artery disease, prior coronary stent placement, or coronary artery bypass grafts. The first group consisted of 159 AF patients undergoing cardiac CT prior to pulmonary vein ablation and the second group consisted of 122 NSR patients evaluated with coronary CT angiography. Demographic data were collected. LA abnormalities were analyzed. Left atrial diameter was measured on an axial view. RESULTS: A total of 281 patients were included. The male gender has significantly higher prevalence of AF than female gender, P value <0.001. Patients with AF were significantly older (mean age, 57.4 years; standard deviation [SD], 11.8 years) than NSR patients (mean age, 53.4 years; SD, 13.6 years), P value, 0.01. The left atrial diameter was greater in the AF patients (mean diameter, 4.3 cm; SD, 0.82 cm) versus the NSR patients (3.4 cm; SD, 0.58 cm), P value, <0.0001. LA diverticulum was the most prevalent variant, occurring in 28.4% of the entire patient population followed by LA pouch, occurring in 24%. There was no significant between group differences in the prevalence of these or the remainder of the LA variants. CONCLUSION: AF patients differed significantly from NSR patients in LA size, gender, and mean age. There was no statistical significance between the two groups with regard to the LA morphologic abnormalities other than size

U.S.-Based Global Intellectual Property Creation: An Analysis

Summarizes an analysis of U.S. applications in the international Patent Cooperation Treaty database, with a focus on where innovation is occurring -- in which states, in which companies and universities, and in which technical areas