Research Paper: Gender Identification With Knee Bicondylar Width and Vertical Diameter of the Femur Head Based on Radiography Assessment

Background: Some skeletal criteria especially for bones of lower limbs are considerably different between men and women that may help in identifying the gender. We studied two lower limbs parameters, i.e. bicondylar width and vertical diameter of the femoral head based on radiographic assessment in gender identification.Methods: Bicondylar width and vertical diameter of the femoral head of 280 radiographs taken from people aged 30 to 75 years were measured. Additionally, gender and age subgroups were recorded and added to the measured anthropometric parameters in the checklist of the study.Results: The mean width of both left and right bicondylar bones as well as vertical diameter of both left and right femoral heads were significantly different between men and women. Considering two parameters of bicondylar width and vertical diameter of femoral head, the measurements could differentiate gender, with 96.7% sensitivity, 72.2% specificity, and 96.0% accuracy.Conclusion: By measuring bicondylar width and vertical diameter of the femur head, it is possible to determine gender with a high discriminative capability

Investigating Emergency Nurses’ Awareness on the Differentiation Between Acute Methanol and Ethanol Intoxication

Background: Alcohol intoxication is among the leading and preventable causes of death, disability, and injury in numerous societies. Ethanol and methanol are the most commonly used types of alcohol. Increasing nurses’ awareness about the difference between intoxication with these two alcohol types will prevent the occurrence of dangerous and deadly complications of intoxication. We investigated the awareness of the nurses respecting the difference between acute methanol and ethanol intoxication in clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2020 on the emergency nurses from two educational hospitals. A total of 100 nurses participated in this study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, including demographic characteristics and questions concerning the identification and differentiation of acute methanol from ethanol intoxication. Moreover, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS v. 20 at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: The present research results suggested that 21% of the examined nurses had a low level of awareness (<7) and 79% had a moderate level of awareness (8-13). The mean score of awareness was measured as 8.71 (range: 2-12). Nurses’ awareness was not related to age, gender, the duration of working experience, and educational level (P>0.05).Conclusion: The awareness of nurses regarding alcohol poisoning is moderate. Due to the importance of differentiating ethanol from methanol toxicity, considering the outcomes of the patients, nurses’ awareness should be increased

The Value of Foramen Magnum Diameters for Gender Identification Among Iranian Population

Background: By assessing the size of the foramen magnum, it is possible to distinguish two genders, as well as the intergenerational interdependence of the affected individuals. The present study aimed at assessing the value of diameters of foramen magnum for gender identification among the Iranian population.Methods: This analytical comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 200 Iranian cadavers (100 men and 100 women) referred to Kahrizak Autopsy Hall in Tehran between 2017 and 2018. In each case, the foramen magnum was measured by observation and its parameters were measured in a longitudinal anteroposterior and transverse diameter, using a calibrated caliper.Results: The Mean±SD anterior-posterior diameter of the foramen magnum in men and women were 35.59±0.49 mm and 33.90±1.07 mm, respectively, which was significantly higher in men (P<0.001). Similarly, the Mean±SD transverse diameter of the foramen magnum in males and females was 29.49±0.56 mm and 28.5±0.50 mm, respectively, which was significantly higher in men (P<0.001). Based on the area analysis under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum had a high value in the differentiation of the male and female genders (AUC=0.953 and 0.896, respectively, P<0.001). The Mean±SD foramen magnum index in men and women was 84.15±3.02 and 82.87±1.95, respectively, which had a significant difference between the two genders.Conclusion: Given that the anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum in Iranian men are far more than Iranian women, these diameters can be used to distinguish between the two genders in the precise legal field