Poly[diaqua(μ\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e-3-fluorophthalato-κ\u3csup\u3e4\u3c/sup\u3eO:O:O\u27:O\u27\u27)cadmium(II)]

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cd(C8H3FO4)(H2O)2]n, consists of polymeric sheets formed by the bridging of octahedrally coordinated CdII by carboxylate O atoms of the 3-fluorophthalate (3-fpt2-) ligand. The layers exhibit hydrogen bonding between each of two coordinated water molecules and two O atoms of the ligand. Adjacent sheets are connected through - interactions

Diaquabis(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoato-κO\u3csup\u3e1\u3c/sup\u3e)zinc(II)

The title compound, [Zn(C7H4FO3)2(H2O)2], is a monomeric ZnII complex. The ZnII atom, which lies on a twofold rotation axis, is situated in a distorted tetrahedral environment composed of two monodentate carboxlyate O atoms and two water O atoms. O-HO hydrogen bonds link these units, forming sheets that are stacked along the c axis

Diaqua­bis(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy­benzoato-κO 1)zinc(II)

The title compound, [Zn(C7H4FO3)2(H2O)2], is a monomeric ZnII complex. The ZnII atom, which lies on a twofold rotation axis, is situated in a distorted tetra­hedral environment composed of two monodentate carboxlyate O atoms and two water O atoms. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link these units, forming sheets that are stacked along the c axis

Designing and Introducing New Startegies to Optimize the Molecualr Imprinting Process

Presented is the development of a new strategy for enhancing the utility and efficiency of the molecular imprinting process. Our strategy is to design a multi-functional monomer that can form intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The purpose of this design is to significantly reduce the number of unwanted background sites in the polymer matrix, which limits the selectivity and overall binding affinity of molecular imprinting polymers. Imprinted and non-imprinted polymers formed using the new multi-functional monomers showed low numbers of background sites as predicted. However, the reduction in the number of background sites was due to the formation of both intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding within the monomer. Both types of hydrogen bonding contributed effectively in suppressing the numbers of background binding sites in the polymer matrix. Another aspect of our work examined the influence of the solvent system used in the polymerization mixture on the imprinting effect. The goal of this work was to specifically study how solvents with different polarities and hydrogen bonding abilities can affect the imprinting process, and whether a reasonable predictive model can be generated. Six different polar additives were added in varying percentages to the polymerization solution. The polar solvents systematically disrupted the imprinting effect as seen by the lower binding capacities of the imprinted polymers formed with higher mole fraction of polar solvent. Results showed a linear correlation between the hydrogen bonding abilities of the solvents and the degree of disruption of templation and dimerization in the polymer matrix. Results also showed that it requires a very high percentage of polar solvent to completely disrupt the imprinting and monomer aggregation effects

Management of coronary disease in patients with advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND Clinical trials that have assessed the effect of revascularization in patients with stable coronary disease have routinely excluded those with advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS We randomly assigned 777 patients with advanced kidney disease and moderate or severe ischemia on stress testing to be treated with an initial invasive strategy consisting of coronary angiography and revascularization (if appropriate) added to medical therapy or an initial conservative strategy consisting of medical therapy alone and angiography reserved for those in whom medical therapy had failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. A key secondary outcome was a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 2.2 years, a primary outcome event had occurred in 123 patients in the invasive-strategy group and in 129 patients in the conservative-strategy group (estimated 3-year event rate, 36.4% vs. 36.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 1.29; P=0.95). Results for the key secondary outcome were similar (38.5% vs. 39.7%; hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.29). The invasive strategy was associated with a higher incidence of stroke than the conservative strategy (hazard ratio, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.52 to 9.32; P=0.004) and with a higher incidence of death or initiation of dialysis (hazard ratio, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.11; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease, advanced chronic kidney disease, and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of death or nonfatal myocardial infarction

Health status after invasive or conservative care in coronary and advanced kidney disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA-CKD trial, the primary analysis showed no significant difference in the risk of death or myocardial infarction with initial angiography and revascularization plus guideline-based medical therapy (invasive strategy) as compared with guideline-based medical therapy alone (conservative strategy) in participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease (an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 or receipt of dialysis). A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status. METHODS We assessed health status with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) before randomization and at 1.5, 3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. The primary outcome of this analysis was the SAQ Summary score (ranging from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating less frequent angina and better function and quality of life). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate the treatment effect with the invasive strategy. RESULTS Health status was assessed in 705 of 777 participants. Nearly half the participants (49%) had had no angina during the month before randomization. At 3 months, the estimated mean difference between the invasive-strategy group and the conservative-strategy group in the SAQ Summary score was 2.1 points (95% credible interval, 120.4 to 4.6), a result that favored the invasive strategy. The mean difference in score at 3 months was largest among participants with daily or weekly angina at baseline (10.1 points; 95% credible interval, 0.0 to 19.9), smaller among those with monthly angina at baseline (2.2 points; 95% credible interval, 122.0 to 6.2), and nearly absent among those without angina at baseline (0.6 points; 95% credible interval, 121.9 to 3.3). By 6 months, the between-group difference in the overall trial population was attenuated (0.5 points; 95% credible interval, 122.2 to 3.4). CONCLUSIONS Participants with stable ischemic heart disease, moderate or severe ischemia, and advanced chronic kidney disease did not have substantial or sustained benefits with regard to angina-related health status with an initially invasive strategy as compared with a conservative strategy