Untersuchung von Actinobakterien und ihren Sekundärmetaboliten aus verschiedenen Lebensräumen in Indonesien und der Tiefsee des Nordatlantiks

Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria and the prolific producers of bioactive molecules. In the course of drug discovery from actinobacterial sources, some samples were taken from different locations and habitats of Indonesia and isolation of Actinobacteria was conducted thereof. Totally 196 strains of Actinobacteria were isolated, and approximately half of them were characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Around two-thirds of them were detected as Streptomyces. One of the Streptomyces strains, i.e., strain SHP 1-2 produced active extracts against some microbial pathogens. Analysis and isolation of compounds from its extract revealed that two novel molecules, which are indolactam derivatives, were found from it. Polyphasic taxonomy study of strain SHP 1-2 suggested that this strain is a novel species in the Streptomyces group. Another study from different strains suggested that strain MAE-11, isolated from mangrove area, was identified close to Kitasatopora and Streptomyces species and generated active extract against hepatitis C virus (HCV). The extract was known to contain bafilomycin D as the molecule that was responsible for the antiviral activity. Isolate 196526CR was detected as Amycolatopsis species and could produce an extract that showed activity against some tested microbes. The compound analysis and isolation from its extract indicated that nitrosoxacin C possesses property as an antimicrobial compound. Chemotaxonomy study of strain ASO4wet, which was previously isolated from deep-sea in the North Atlantic Ocean, was also conducted and the data supported that ASO4wet belongs to the genus Streptomyces. The strain is described as the novel species.Actinobakterien sind Gram-positive Bakterien und die ergiebigsten Produzenten bioaktiver Moleküle. Im Zuge der Wirkstoffforschung aus Actinobakterien wurden einige Proben an verschiedenen Orten und Lebensräumen Indonesiens entnommen und daraus Actinobakterien isoliert. Insgesamt wurden 196 Aktinobakterien-Stämme isoliert und etwa die Hälfte von ihnen wurde durch 16S-rRNA-Genanalyse charakterisiert. Etwa zwei Drittel von ihnen wurden als Streptomyces identifiziert. Einer der Streptomyces-Stämme, d. h. Stamm SHP 1-2, produzierte aktive Extrakte gegen einige pathogene Mikroorganismen. Nach Analyse und anschließender Isolierung der Inhaltsstoffe konnten zwei neue Substanzen, die zu der Indolactam-Derivaten gehören, gefunden werden. Eine polyphasische Taxonomiestudie des Stammes SHP 1-2 legte nahe, dass dieser Stamm zu einer neuen Spezies in der Gattung Streptomyces-gehört. Eine vergleichende Studie mit verschiedenen Stämmen legte nahe, dass der Stamm MAE-11, der aus Mangrovengebieten isoliert wurde, nahe verwandt mit Kitasatopora- und Streptomyces-Arten ist und einen aktiven Extrakt gegen das Hepatitis C-Virus (HCV) produziert. Es zeigte sich, dass der Extrakt Bafilomycin D als die Substanz enthielt, die für die antivirale Aktivität verantwortlich war. Das Isolat 196526CR wurde als Amycolatopsis-Spezies identifiziert und bildet einen Extrakt, der eine Aktivität gegen einige Mikroorganismen zeigte. Die Analyse der Bestandteile und die Isolierung aus diesem Extrakt zeigten, dass Nitrosoxacin C für die antimikrobielle Eigenschafte verantwortlich ist. Eine chemotaxonomiche Studie des Stammes ASO4wet, der aus der Tiefsee im Nordatlantik isoliert worden war, wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt, und die Daten untermauerten, dass ASO4wet zur Gattung Streptomyces gehört. Der Stamm wird als neue Art beschrieben

Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Perak Nanopartikelbakterial Selulosa Bionanofiber Nanokomposit

Silver nanoparticle-bacterial cellulose bionanofiber nanocomposite (nano Ag-BSB) has been synthesized by using trisodium nitrate as reducing agent. The arrangement offiber in nano Ag-BSB nanocomposite has random shape after 26 confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)analysis. Nano Ag-BSB nanocomposite has average 64.1 nm in nanofiber diameter. Fourier infra red spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed crystal structure in Ag-BSB nanocomposite is cellulose type L Crystalinity of BSB and Ag-BSB are 94 % and 89 %, respectively.This result showed that presence of silver nanoparticles in BSB decreased crystalinity of BSB. Ag-BSB nanocomposite has good performance in inhibitingE-Coli growth

SELAGINELLA ACTIVE FRACTIONS INDUCE APOPTOSIS ON T47D BREAST CANCER CELL

Apoptosis  is  an  important  target  on  anticancer  mechanism. The  purpose  of  this  research  is  to  investigate  apoptosis  induction of Selaginella plana Hieron active fractions on T47D cells. Absolute ethanol  was  used  to  extract Selaginella  plana powders.  Ethanolic extract  was  dilluted  by  methanol:water  (4:1)  and  then fractionated  by  hexane  (S_Hex),  methylene  chloride  (S_MTC), ethyl acetate (S_EA), and buthanol (S_BuOH). The proliferation of T47D  cell  line  was  detected  by  SRB  (Sulforhodamine  B) assay which  was  measured  at  a  wavelength  of  515nm.  Flowcytometry analysis  to  determine  apoptosis  was  examined  by  Propidium Iodide  (PI)  and  Annexin  V  assay  using  T47D  breast  cancer  cell line.  The  result  showed  that  the  IC50 value  of  S_Hex,  S_MTC, S_EA,  and  S_BuOH  on  T47D  cells  were  107  µg/mL,  4  µg/mL,  6 µg/mL,  and  17  µg/mL  respectively.  The  active  fractions  (S_MTC and  S_EA)  at  its  IC50 concentration  significantly  (P<0.05) increased  the  total  number  of  early  apoptotic  cells  in  the  T47D cells  3.39%  and  4.1%  respectively  compared  to  that  of  control (1.95%).  Based  on  the  result,  methylene  chloride  and  ethyl acetate  fraction  of Selaginella  plana induced  apoptosis  on  T47D cell.Keywords: apoptosis, breast cancer, Selaginell

Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Selaginella Plana Hieron. on T47d Cell Line in Vitro

Selaginella sp belongs to the Selaginellaceae family. It has been used in China and Indonesia as a traditional medicine. It hasseveral medicinal properties including antibacterial, anticardiovascular, and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to access the anticancer property of the ethanolic extracts of Selaginella plana Hieron. on T47D breast cancer cell line. The proliferation of T47D cell line was detected by SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay which was measured at a wavelength of 515 nM. The result showed that the IC50 of the ethanolic extract was determined at 7.03 pg/mL. This significant activity was assumed due to its high total flavonoid content. The totalflavonoid content of the ethanolic extract was 23.04%. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the extract may undergo the cell death via apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Selaginella plana Hieron: has considerable activity in inhibiting T47D cell line proliferation

Production of omega-3 fatty acids by enzymatic hydrolysis from lemuru fish by-products

Production of omega-3 fatty acids from lemuru fish by-products was studied by enzymatic hydrolysis using a lipase enzyme in one liter of the batch reactor. The hydrolysis temperature of fish oil was set at 45 to 55 ℃ for 0 to 24 h, whereas agitation from 50 to 150 rpm. RSM-Box Bhenken was used to study the effect of these parameters on omega-3 (EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and α-linolenic acid (ALA)) content. The % free fatty acid (FFA), acid index, peroxide index, iodine index, and saponification index of lemuru fish oil was 0.925, 2.52, 42.5, 97.28, and 160.11%, respectively. GC-MS analysis results showed that unsaturated fatty acids content (62.34%), which are consisted of omega-3 (EPA, DHA, and ALA), omega-6 and omega-9, was much higher than saturated acids (12.97%). The experiment data showed that the highest EPA (1.221%) and DHA (0.312%) content were reached at 50 ℃ and 24 h with 150 rpm of agitation. However, through the RSM-Box Bhenken analysis and 3D surface plot, it was suggested that the optimum condition was obtained at 45 ℃ and 24 h with 150 rpm of agitation with the content of EPA, DHA, and ALA were 1.709, 0.49, and 1.237%, respectively

SELAGINELLA ACTIVE FRACTIONS INDUCE APOPTOSIS ON T47D BREAST CANCER CELL

Apoptosis is an important target on anticancer mechanism. The purpose of this research is to investigate apoptosis induction of Selaginella plana Hieron active fractions on T47D cells. Absolute ethanol was used to extract Selaginella plana powders. Ethanolic extract was dilluted by methanol :water (4: 1) and then fractionated by hexane (S_Hex), methylene chloride (S_MTC), ethyl acetate (S_EA), and buthanol (S_BuOH). The proliferation of T47D cell line was detected by SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay which was measured at a wavelength of 515nm. Flowcytometry analysis to determine apoptosis was examined by Propidium Iodide (PI) and Annexin V assay using T47D breast cancer cell line. The result showed that the IC&#8325&#8320value of S_Hex, S_MTC,S_EA, and S_BuOH on T47D cells were 107 µg/mL, 4 µg/mL, 6 µg/mL, and 17 µg/mL respectively. The activ.e fractions (S_MTC and S_EA) at its ICso concentration significantly (

Biosynthesis of Polyketides in <i>Streptomyces</i>

Polyketides are a large group of secondary metabolites that have notable variety in their structure and function. Polyketides exhibit a wide range of bioactivities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, immune-suppressing, anti-cholesterol, and anti-inflammatory activity. Naturally, they are found in bacteria, fungi, plants, protists, insects, mollusks, and sponges. Streptomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that has a filamentous form like fungi. This genus is best known as one of the polyketides producers. Some examples of polyketides produced by Streptomyces are rapamycin, oleandomycin, actinorhodin, daunorubicin, and caprazamycin. Biosynthesis of polyketides involves a group of enzyme activities called polyketide synthases (PKSs). There are three types of PKSs (type I, type II, and type III) in Streptomyces responsible for producing polyketides. This paper focuses on the biosynthesis of polyketides in Streptomyces with three structurally-different types of PKSs

Biosynthesis of Polyketides in <i>Streptomyces</i>

Polyketides are a large group of secondary metabolites that have notable variety in their structure and function. Polyketides exhibit a wide range of bioactivities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, immune-suppressing, anti-cholesterol, and anti-inflammatory activity. Naturally, they are found in bacteria, fungi, plants, protists, insects, mollusks, and sponges. Streptomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria that has a filamentous form like fungi. This genus is best known as one of the polyketides producers. Some examples of polyketides produced by Streptomyces are rapamycin, oleandomycin, actinorhodin, daunorubicin, and caprazamycin. Biosynthesis of polyketides involves a group of enzyme activities called polyketide synthases (PKSs). There are three types of PKSs (type I, type II, and type III) in Streptomyces responsible for producing polyketides. This paper focuses on the biosynthesis of polyketides in Streptomyces with three structurally-different types of PKSs

Cytotoxicity Assay From Fractions of Hedyotis corymbosa Extract Against Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D

Drug discovery for cancer medication is the most important effort that researcher do at this time. Indonesia bio diversities have possibility as a cancer medicine sources. Finding a herbal medicine for cancer treatment is a first step to find a right cancer medicine in the future. This research has already completed for the earlier another research. Some fractions of Hedyotis corymbosa extract has been analyzed using Sulforhodamine B method with UV wavelength 515 nm against T47D cell line, a human breast cancer. There are Hexane extract, Methylene chloride extract and Ethyl acetate extract, and give inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50)  of 33.45 µg/ml, 54.59 µg/ml and 52.58 µg/ml, respectively. Ethanolic extract, itself has IC50 of 61.57 µg/ml, whereas IC50 value of Cisplatinum is  9.63 µg/ml. There is a difference between the ethanolic extracts with the other fraction. Keywords: breast cancer, herbal medicine, T47D, Hedyotis corymbos