UV-Visible Spectroscopy Study of Oxidative Degradation of Sunflower Biodiesel

In this study, three antioxidants (blend (hydrogenated cardanol + 5-n-pentadecyl-2-tert-butylphenol), 5-n-pentadecyl-2-tert-butylphenol and ionol BF200) were evaluated for their potential to reduce the degree of oxidation of sunflower biodiesel under thermal stress condition. Each antioxidant was added at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The oxidative degradation was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy and iodometry were used to monitor the changes using peroxide values. The results showed that, blend and 5-n-pentadecyl-2-tert-butylphenol possess significant potentiality when compared with ionol BF200. The blend and 5-n-pentadecyl-2-tert-butylphenol reduced the absorbance around 31%. The peroxide value showed that, the formulations: sunflower biodiesel/A2, sunflower biodiesel/A3 and sunflower biodiesel/AC showed better results when compared with sunflower biodiesel without antioxidant.Keywords: Antioxidants; Peroxide value; Accelerated oxidation tes

Sustainable Feedstocks and Challenges in Biodiesel Production: An Advanced Bibliometric Analysis

Biodiesel can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, frying oils, and from microorganism-synthesized oils. These sources render biodiesel an easily biodegradable fuel. The aim of this work was to perform an advanced bibliometric analysis of primary studies relating to biodiesel production worldwide by identifying the key countries and regions that have shown a strong engagement in this area, and by understanding the dynamics of their collaboration and research outputs. Additionally, an assessment of the main primary feedstocks employed in this research was carried out, along with an analysis of the current and future trends that are expected to define new paths and methodologies to be used in the manufacture of biodegradable and renewable fuels. A total of 4586 academic outputs were selected, including peer-reviewed research articles, conference papers, and literature reviews related to biodiesel production, in the time period spanning from 2010 to 2021. Articles that focused on feedstocks for the production of biodiesel were also included, with a search that returned 330 papers. Lastly, 60 articles relating to biodiesel production via sewage were specifically included to allow for an analysis of this source as a promising feedstock in the future of the biofuel market. Via the geocoding and the document analyses performed, we concluded that China, Malaysia, and India are the largest writers of articles in this area, revealing a great interest in biofuels in Asia. Additionally, it was noted that environmental concerns have caused authors to conduct research on feedstocks that can address the sustainability challenges in the production of biodiesel