Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: an incidental finding in laparotomy for tubo-ovarian mass in woman aged 35 years

Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is a precursor lesion for high-grade pelvic serous carcinoma. The incidence of STIC is estimated to occur in 0.6% to 6% of women who are BRCA positive or have a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer. We report a rare case of serous tubal Intraepithelial carcinoma in young woman undergoing laparotomy for tubo-ovarian mass who diagnosed STIC on histopathological examination of specimen. Women diagnosed incidentally at surgery for benign condition should be considered for repeat surgical staging. Etiology and management are similar to epithelial ovarian cancer but stage at diagnosis, lymphatic spread and overall survival appear to be different.

INFORMAL LEARNING: AN INNOVATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study is to identify how informal learning is an innovation in the education system for sustainable development of country and throw light on the role of informal learning in education for sustainable development and to identify the different ways of informal learning in education system. Methodology: This study is based on secondary data. The data has been collected from different journals, books, magazines, websites and different studies related to informal learning, education and sustainable development. The collected data has been extracted, reviewed, and concluded to identify how informal learning is an innovation towards sustainable development in education. The informal ways of learning in education can be the tool for sustainable development of a nation by providing better learning opportunities to the next generation students. Main Findings: Informal learning is a developing and innovative tool in education. Some of the informal ways of learning are self-learning approach, practical and interactive sessions on social issues, web-based learning, and informal conversation among students through creating informal spaces. Applications of this study: This study can be helpful is to provide a new innovative way of learning in the education of students for next generation. These ways of informal learning can be used by schools/colleges/institutes for learning of students. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this study informal ways among students learning has been described and their outcomes which can be used by schools/colleges/institutes as an innovative learning tool for better understanding of students. Not much work has been done in this area in India and informal learning is totally a new concept among students and in academics

Kinetic and sequence-structure-function analysis of known LinA variants with different hexachlorocyclohexane isomers

BACKGROUND Here we report specific activities of all seven naturally occurring LinA variants towards three different isomers, α, γ and δ, of a priority persistent pollutant, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Sequence-structure-function differences contributing to the differences in their stereospecificity for α-, γ-, and δ-HCH and enantiospecificity for (+)- and (-)-α -HCH are also discussed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Enzyme kinetic studies were performed with purified LinA variants. Models of LinA2(B90A) A110T, A111C, A110T/A111C and LinA1(B90A) were constructed using the FoldX computer algorithm. Turnover rates (min(-1)) showed that the LinAs exhibited differential substrate affinity amongst the four HCH isomers tested. α-HCH was found to be the most preferred substrate by all LinA's, followed by the γ and then δ isomer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The kinetic observations suggest that LinA-γ1-7 is the best variant for developing an enzyme-based bioremediation technology for HCH. The majority of the sequence variation in the various linA genes that have been isolated is not neutral, but alters the enantio- and stereoselectivity of the encoded proteins.This work was supported by the Indo-Australian Biotechnology Fund from the Department of Education Science and Technology (DEST), Australia and the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), India

Kinetic and Sequence-Structure-Function Analysis of Known LinA Variants with Different Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers

BACKGROUND: Here we report specific activities of all seven naturally occurring LinA variants towards three different isomers, α, γ and δ, of a priority persistent pollutant, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). Sequence-structure-function differences contributing to the differences in their stereospecificity for α-, γ-, and δ-HCH and enantiospecificity for (+)- and (-)-α -HCH are also discussed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Enzyme kinetic studies were performed with purified LinA variants. Models of LinA2(B90A) A110T, A111C, A110T/A111C and LinA1(B90A) were constructed using the FoldX computer algorithm. Turnover rates (min(-1)) showed that the LinAs exhibited differential substrate affinity amongst the four HCH isomers tested. α-HCH was found to be the most preferred substrate by all LinA's, followed by the γ and then δ isomer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The kinetic observations suggest that LinA-γ1-7 is the best variant for developing an enzyme-based bioremediation technology for HCH. The majority of the sequence variation in the various linA genes that have been isolated is not neutral, but alters the enantio- and stereoselectivity of the encoded proteins

Traditional knowledge and ways of consumption of wild edible plants by rural communities of Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh (India)

Wild edible plants are used as a source of food by local people where they still rely on natural resources to meet their daily needs. The study was conducted in the rural communities of the Shimla district to document wild edible plants and their edible uses known to local people. The study documented 103 wild edible plant species belonging to 75 genera and 46 families. Rosaceae is the most dominant family with 18 species occupying 17 % of the total use reports. Of the reported plants 43% were used as fruits, 42% as vegetables and remaining have used as juice, gums, spices and condiments. As many as 74 ways of consumption methods shows a Fidelity level (FL) of more than 80%. The use category of vegetables shows highest degree of consensus factor followed by fruit category. Horticultural land expansion is the major threat to the natural habitat of wild edible plants followed by overgrazing. Field visits to various villages in 16 regions of the study area were carried out in different phases from May 2015- September 2018. A total of 102 informants were involved in field investigation and a semi-structured questionnaires and participatory rural appraisal method were used to analyze and study the traditional wild edible plants

RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Formulation and Evaluation of Dicloxacillin Sodium Floating Tablets

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research work was to develop gastroretentive drug delivery system of Dicloxacillin sodium. Floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation method using gas generating agents such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid anhydrous, like Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K100M), Xanthan gum, Sodiumcarboxy methylcellulose (NaCMC) and Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Dicloxacillin sodium floating tablets were prepared by wet granulation method were found to be good without chipping, capping and sticking. The drug content was uniform in all the tablet formulations indicating uniform distribution of drug within the matrices. All the prepared batches showed satisfactory floating lag time and total floating time found to be more than 12 h. Formulation F14 showed desired drug release selected as a best formulation and subjected to stability studies for 3 months showed that formulation is intact without interaction. Finally optimized formulation F14 complying with all properties of floating tablets and found to be satisfactory

Development and standardisation of Laghu Sudarshan Churna – An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

106-112Laghu Sudarshan Churna, LSC is an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation employed for different types of jvaras (fevers). The present study was undertaken to prepare its standardised formulation and to standardise the finished product using quality control procedures mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). For this, four batches of the finished products were prepared on a laboratory scale and performed the pharmacognostical parameters (macroscopic, microscopic and powder drug analysis); thin layer chromatography; quantitative physicochemical evaluation including loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, alcohol & water soluble extractive values, and pH; & measuring the level of aflatoxins, microbial load, heavy metals and pesticide residues of the finished product. This study is the foremost effort to develop the standardised formulation along with the evaluation parameters for LSC. Thus, obtained results would be beneficial and will act as the reference for the standardisation of LSC

LEDGF1-326 Decreases P23H and Wild Type Rhodopsin Aggregates and P23H Rhodopsin Mediated Cell Damage in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

P23H rhodopsin, a mutant rhodopsin, is known to aggregate and cause retinal degeneration. However, its effects on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of P23H rhodopsin in RPE cells and further assess whether LEDGF(1-326), a protein devoid of heat shock elements of LEDGF, a cell survival factor, reduces P23H rhodopsin aggregates and any associated cellular damage.ARPE-19 cells were transiently transfected/cotransfected with pLEDGF(1-326) and/or pWT-Rho (wild type)/pP23H-Rho. Rhodopsin mediated cellular damage and rescue by LEDGF(1-326) was assessed using cell viability, cell proliferation, and confocal microscopy assays. Rhodopsin monomers, oligomers, and their reduction in the presence of LEDGF(1-326) were quantified by western blot analysis. P23H rhodopsin mRNA levels in the presence and absence of LEDGF(1-326) was determined by real time quantitative PCR.P23H rhodopsin reduced RPE cell viability and cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner, and disrupted the nuclear material. LEDGF(1-326) did not alter P23H rhodopsin mRNA levels, reduced its oligomers, and significantly increased RPE cell viability as well as proliferation, while reducing nuclear damage. WT rhodopsin formed oligomers, although to a smaller extent than P23H rhodopsin. Further, LEDGF(1-326) decreased WT rhodopsin aggregates.P23H rhodopsin as well as WT rhodopsin form aggregates in RPE cells and LEDGF(1-326) decreases these aggregates. Further, LEDGF(1-326) reduces the RPE cell damage caused by P23H rhodopsin. LEDGF(1-326) might be useful in treating cellular damage associated with protein aggregation diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa

Strengthening TB surveillance system in India: Way forward for improving estimates of TB incidence

One of the key indicators used under India′s TB control program is the DOTS case detection rate of new sputum smear positive TB whose estimates in India are based on incidence estimates derived from Styblo′s rule. Styblo′s rule was formulated in an era without well-established tuberculosis control program, effective tuberculosis drugs, and emergence of TB-HIV coinfection, so today it does not reflect the true incidence of TB. Considering various loopholes in different methods of measurement of incidence (prevalence surveys of disease/ infection, vital registration system and Styblo′s rule), strengthening of existing surveillance system is the best tool to obtain correct estimates of tuberculosis incidence in India