Determination of social and environmental impact of high buildings in residential areas in Suba, Bogota D.C.

Bogotá amplía de forma significativa su demografía lo que la ha llevado a lo largo de los años a aumentar su extensión. Suba es un ejemplo del crecimiento de la ciudad a través de los años, pues pasó de ser un municipio cercano con pocos habitantes, a convertirse en la localidad más poblada de la capital, llegando a generar respuestas de vivienda a sus ocupantes en diferentes áreas donde se ha evidenciado un aumento de construcciones elevadas, que si bien pueden ser necesarias para la demanda de hogares, probablemente son inadecuadas para la población que ya habita en ella, por lo tanto ven reducida la calidad de servicios públicos y ambientales cuando estos no son mejorados según el aumento de sus moradores. Es por esto, que la presente investigación busca indagar no solo el crecimiento demográfico de la localidad, sino también la percepción de los habitantes de una zona específica, la UPZ 27-Suba, sobre los cambios sociales y ambientales que han sufrido por el aumento de población, incluyendo finalmente conclusiones acerca de la expansión y densificación de la ciudad.Bogota significantly increases its demography what led her to increase its extension. Suba is an example of the growth of the city over the years as it grew from a nearby town with few inhabitants, to become the most populous city of the capital which led her to generate responses housing in different areas where it has recorded an increase in residential high buildings, which although they may be needed for household demand may become unsuitable for those who already live there, as they see reduced quality of public and environmental services therefore do not they are improved as the increase in population. That is why, this research seeks to investigate not only the demographic growth of the town, but also the perception of the inhabitants of a specific area, the UPZ 27-Suba, on the social and environmental changes that have suffered from increased population, eventually including conclusions about the expansion and densification of the city

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field