The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales

Usefulness of visual (TFI) and QLF diagnosis versus PLM and TMR in mild and moderate fluorosis in primary teeth

Antecedentes: La fluorosis dental es un defecto del desarrollo del esmalte relacionado con la ingesta crónica de altos niveles de fluoruro durante la formación dental. El diagnóstico se basa en hallazgos visuales, que en dentición primaria son menos evidentes que en permanentes; se realiza por medio de índices como el TFI (Thylstrup y Fejerskov), que ha sido correlacionado histológicamente con microscopía de luz polarizada (PLM). Actualmente, existen técnicas que pueden medir la fluorosis cuantitativamente, como la cuantificación por luz fluorescente (QLF) y la microrradiografía (TMR), que evalúan pérdida mineral. Hasta el momento no se conocen estudios con QLF en fluorosis de dientes primarios. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad del diagnóstico visual TFI y por QLF frente a PLM y TMR, en fluorosis leve y moderada en dientes primarios. Metodología: Se clasificaron dientes primarios extraídos sanos y con fluorosis dental (n=112) con el índice TFI en imágenes de estereomicroscopía; se valoró fluorosis dental con QLF en umbrales 5-15-30 por medio de análisis de la superficie y región de interés (ROI) sobre imágenes de fluorescencia y se obtuvo el valor de área (A), pérdida de fluorescencia (ΔF) y ΔQ; se obtuvieron secciones (80-120μm) de ROI y, se determinó pérdida mineral (ΔZ), profundidad de la lesión (LD) y capa subsuperficial (SS) con TMR. En PLM se categorizaron en sano, fluorosis leve (TFI 1-2) y moderada (TFI 3-4). Se evaluó concordancia entre TFI y PLM, correlación entre TMR y QLF con coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, correlación de PLM y TFI con QLF con Kendall Tau, análisis ROC de QLF frente a diagnóstico visual e histológico; se describieron las características de dientes primarios TFI 0-4 con cada prueba. Resultados: Se presentó concordancia moderada entre TFI y PLM (kappa=0.46), correlaciones: -nula entre QLF y TMR, -moderada entre QLF-TFI (tau A=0.5, ΔF=0.58, ΔQ=0.62; p≥0.001) y -débil entre QLF y PLM (tau A=0.32, ΔF=0.37 ΔQ=0.34; p≥0.001). Se obtuvo una sensibilidad de 73.9% y especificidad de 72.5% para ΔQ frente a PLM y 75% de sensibilidad y 78% de especificidad para ΔQ frente a TFI visual para fluorosis leve.Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación [CO] Colciencias1308-569-34427Modelo de caracterización ambiental, epidemológica, clínico-histológica e inorgánica de la fluorosis dental en niñosn

SINDROME DE SILVER-RUSSELL, REPORTE DE UN CASO

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: ">El síndrome Silver-Russell es un desorden genético (hipometilación en la región centro 1 (ICR1) del<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>IGF2 /H19<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>locus 11p15) y clínicamente heterogéneo, caracterizado por retardo del crecimiento intrauterino, baja talla y peso, y perímetro cefálico normal. Su tratamiento se basa en la<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>hormona del crecimiento. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 5 años que ingresa al servicio de Estomatología Pediátrica de la Fundación HOMI Hospital de la Misericordia de Bogotá, con antecedente de retardo del crecimiento intrauterino, manejada con dieta rica en carbohidratos y uso de biberón hasta los 2 y medio años, Al examen talla 88 cm y peso 9 Kg,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>cara forma triangular, frente prominente, micrognatismo mandibular, apiñamiento dental y caries de la infancia temprana. Se diagnostica con retardo de la edad ósea, dental y morfológica. El tratamiento programa individual riesgo de caries y proveer una alta calidad de salud oral.</span></p

Quantitative light fluorescence (QLF) assessment of mild and moderate enamel fluorosis in primary teeth

Enamel fluorosis affects both permanent and primary teeth; however, there are few studies on primary teeth. Fluorosis in primary teeth is difficult to diagnose for mild and moderate cases. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) has been used for enamel fluorosis on the permanent dentition, but there are no current studies on primary fluorotic teeth. The purpose of this study was to assess mild to moderate enamel fluorosis in primary teeth using QLF. The buccal surfaces of exfolicated and extracted primary teeth (n=113) were visually examined and classified using the Thylstrup & Fejerskov Index (TFI) for fluorosis into categories TFI-0 to TFI-4. Fluorescence images were acquired. Image analysis was performed using the complete tooth surface (S) and through the selection of a Region of Interest (ROI), which was determined as the region where the fluorosis lesions were more representative and with at least a minimum of adjacent sound area. Area (mm2), fluorescence loss (%) and ΔQ (mm2×%) values were obtained. The correlation between QLF variables and visual diagnosis was determined using the Kendall-tau coefficient. Sencitivity, specificity, and Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was performed for QLF versus visual diagnosis. Moderate to strong positive correlation was found between QLF and visual diagnosis using the ROI. QLF showed greater sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of mild fluorosis than moderate fluorosis and with the ROI analysis than with S. QLF was a useful tool for the assessment of mild and moderate fluorosis in primary teeth using a ROI analysis technique.Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación [CO] Colciencias1308-569-34427Modelo de caracterización ambiental, epidemológica, clínico-histológica e inorgánica de la fluorosis dental en niñosn

In vitro validation of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) for the diagnosis of enamel fluorosis in permanent teeth

The use of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) for the diagnosis of enamel fluorosis has not been validated. This study aimed to validate QLF as a diagnostic tool for mild and moderate fluorosis in permanent teeth, comparing it to visual diagnosis and histological assessment completed using polarized light microscopy (PLM). The buccal surfaces of 139 teeth were visually classified using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) into sound (TFI 0; n=17), mild (TFI 1-2; n=69) and moderate (TFI 3-4; n=43) fluorosis. Fluorosis was then assessed with QLF using the entire surface and a region of interest (ROI), identified as the most representative region of a fluorosis lesion. PLM images of longitudinal thin sections including the ROI were assessed for histological changes. Correlations among TFI, PLM, and QLF were determined. A ROC curve was conducted to determine QLF’s diagnostic accuracy when compared to the TFI and PLM assessments. This was used to assess the probability that the images were correctly ranked according to severity as determined by PLM and TFI. A positive correlation was found between QLF and PLM, and between QLF and TFI. QLF showed highest sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of mild fluorosis. There was also a strong agreement between TFI and PLM. The selection of a ROI resulted in a stronger correlation with TFI and PLM than when the entire surface was used. The study results indicate that defining a ROI for QLF assessments is a valid method for the diagnosis of mild and moderate enamel fluorosis.Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación [CO] Colciencias1308-569-34427Modelo de caracterización ambiental, epidemológica, clínico-histológica e inorgánica de la fluorosis dental en niñosn

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado