Peraturan Bersama Menteri Agama dan Menteri dalam Negeri Nomor 08 dan 09 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pendirian Rumah Ibadat (Kajian dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia )

Pundamental 1945 Constitution as the rule has been set explicitly for religious freedom in the run by followers, who belong to one human rights has, but in reality the persecution of religious life and often inevitable. Between religious persecution can come from various directions such as harassing each other, mutual intimidate(violence) and that most often occurs between religious persecution that is prihal establishment synagogue. Therefore, in terms of the establishment of the synagogue there must be government intervention to regulate it, if in this case given the freedom and without any clear rules, the sectarian conflict will not be able to avoid. One step from the government to avoid conflict in the establishment of the synagogue is to be issued the Joint Decree of the Minister of Religious Affairs and the Minister of Home Affairs Number 08 and Number 09 Year 2006 About the Construction of Houses of Worship that aims to create harmony and peace between religious and have certainty Strong law

Synthesis, Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ternary Complexes of (Me₄P⁺)·{[Fe(I)Pc(−2)]⁻}·Triptycene and (Me₄P⁺)·{[Fe(I)Pc(−2)]⁻}·(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′‑Tetrabenzyl‑<i>p</i>‑phenylenediamine)_0.5 with Iron(I) Phthalocyanine Anions

Ternary complexes of (Me₄P⁺)·{[Fe­(I)­Pc­(−2)]⁻}·TPC (<b>1</b>) and (Me₄P⁺)·{[Fe­(I)­Pc­(−2)]⁻}·(TBPDA)_0.5 (<b>2</b>) containing iron­(I) phthalocyanine anions, tetramethylphosphonium cations (Me₄P⁺), and neutral structure-forming triptycene (TPC) or <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′,<i>N</i>′-tetrabenzyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine (TBPDA) molecules have been obtained as single crystals. In contrast to previously studied ionic compounds with monomeric [(Fe­(I)­Pc(−2)]⁻ anions, the anions form coordination {[Fe­(I)­Pc(−2)]⁻}₂ dimers both in <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, in which a nitrogen atom of one phthalocyanine anion weakly coordinates to the iron­(I) atom of neighboring [Fe­(I)­Pc(−2)]⁻. The Fe···N distances in the dimers are 3.08(1) and 3.12(1) Å in <b>1</b> at 280 K and 2.986(5) (100 K) and 3.011(5) Å (180 K) in <b>2</b>. The {[Fe­(I)­Pc(−2)]⁻}₂ dimers are packed in the layers in <b>1</b> arranged parallel to the <i>ac</i> plane and in isolated chains in <b>2</b> arranged along the <i>a</i> axis. Extended Hückel based calculation of intermolecular overlap integrals showed stronger and weaker π–π interactions within and between phthalocyanine dimers, respectively, both in <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>. EPR signals of both complexes manifest two components. An major low-field asymmetric component is attributed to the Fe­(I) atoms with the d⁷ configuration. An origin minor narrow signal with <i>g</i>-factor close to the free-electron value (<i>g</i> = 2.0018–2.0035) is assigned to partial electron density transfer from the iron­(I) center to the phthalocyanine macrocycle and the formation of the [Fe­(II)­Pc(−3)]⁻ species. Effective magnetic moments of the complexes of 1.69 (<b>1</b>) and 1.76 μ_B (<b>2</b>) correspond to the contribution of about one <i>S</i> = ¹/₂ spin per formula unit in accordance with low-spin state of [Fe­(I)­Pc(−2)]⁻. Negative Weiss temperatures of −7.6 K (<b>1</b>) and −13 K (<b>2</b>) in the 30–300 K range indicate antiferromagnetic interaction of spins in the phthalocyanine dimers. The multicomponent approach was previously proposed for the anionic fullerene complex formation. It also seems very promising to design and synthesize anionic phthalocyanine complexes with one- and two-dimensional macrocycle arrangements

Spin Crossover in Anionic Cobalt-Bridged Fullerene (Bu₄N⁺){Co(Ph₃P)}₂(μ₂‑Cl^–)(μ₂‑η²,η²‑C₆₀)₂ Dimers

A spin crossover phenomena is observed in an anionic (Bu₄N⁺)­{Co­(Ph₃P)}₂(μ₂-Cl^–)­(μ₂-η²,η²-C₆₀)₂·2C₆H₁₄ (<b>1</b>) complex in which two cobalt atoms bridge two fullerene molecules to form a dimer. The dimer has a triplet ground state with two weakly coupling Co⁰ atoms (<i>S</i> = 1/2). The spin transition realized above 150 K is accompanied by a cobalt-to-fullerene charge transfer that forms a quintet excited state with a high spin Co^I (<i>S</i> = 1) and C₆₀^•– (<i>S</i> = 1/2)

Spin Crossover in Anionic Cobalt-Bridged Fullerene (Bu₄N⁺){Co(Ph₃P)}₂(μ₂‑Cl^–)(μ₂‑η²,η²‑C₆₀)₂ Dimers

A spin crossover phenomena is observed in an anionic (Bu₄N⁺)­{Co­(Ph₃P)}₂(μ₂-Cl^–)­(μ₂-η²,η²-C₆₀)₂·2C₆H₁₄ (<b>1</b>) complex in which two cobalt atoms bridge two fullerene molecules to form a dimer. The dimer has a triplet ground state with two weakly coupling Co⁰ atoms (<i>S</i> = 1/2). The spin transition realized above 150 K is accompanied by a cobalt-to-fullerene charge transfer that forms a quintet excited state with a high spin Co^I (<i>S</i> = 1) and C₆₀^•– (<i>S</i> = 1/2)

Magnetic and Optical Properties of Layered (Me₄P⁺)[M^IVO(Pc^•3–)]^•–(TPC)_0.5·C₆H₄Cl₂ Salts (M = Ti and V) Composed of π‑Stacking Dimers of Titanyl and Vanadyl Phthalocyanine Radical Anions

Two isostructural salts with radical anions of titanyl and vanadyl phthalocyanines (Me₄P⁺)­[M^IVO­(Pc^•3–)]^•–­(TPC)_0.5­·C₆H₄Cl₂ (M = Ti (<b>1</b>), V (<b>2</b>)), where TPC is triptycene, were obtained. These salts contain phthalocyanine layers composed of the {[M^IVO­(Pc^•3–)]^•–}₂ dimers with strong π–π intradimer interaction. The reduction of metal phthalocyanines was centered on the Pc macrocycles providing the appearance of new bands in the near infrared range and a blue shift of Q- and Soret bands. That results in the alternation of shorter and longer C–N_imine bonds in Pc^•3–. Only one <i>S</i> = 1/2 spin is delocalized over Pc^•3– in <b>1</b> providing a χ_M<i>T</i> value of 0.364 emu K mol^–1 at 300 K. Salt <b>1</b> showed antiferromagnetic behavior approximated by the Heisenberg model for isolated pairs of antiferromagnetically interacting spins with exchange interaction of <i>J</i>/<i>k</i>_B = −123.0 K. The χ_M<i>T</i> value for <b>2</b> is equal to 0.617 emu K mol^–1 at 300 K to show the contribution of two <i>S</i> = 1/2 spins localized on V^IV and delocalized over Pc^•3–. Magnetic behavior of <b>2</b> is described by the Heisenberg model for a four-spin system with strong intermolecular coupling between Pc^•3– in {[V^IVO­(Pc^•3–)]^•–}₂ (<i>J</i>_inter/<i>k</i>_B = −105.0 K) and weaker intramolecular coupling between the V^IV and Pc^•3– (<i>J</i>_intra/<i>k</i>_B = −15.2 K)

Coordination Complexes of Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(III) Diiodide with Tin(II) Phthalocyanine and Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(II) Halide with Fullerene C₆₀^– Anions

Synthetic approaches to iridium complexes of metal phthalocyanines (Pc) and fullerene anions have been developed to give three types of complexes. The compound­{(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}·2C₆H₄Cl₂ (<b>1</b>) (Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) is the first crystalline complex of a metal phthalocyanine in which an iridium­(III) atom is bonded to the central tin­(II) atom of Pc via a Sn–Ir bond length of 2.58 Å. In (TBA⁺)­(C₆₀^•–)­{(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}·0.5C₆H₁₄ (<b>2</b>), the {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)} units cocrystallize with (TBA⁺)­(C₆₀^•–) to form double chains of C₆₀^•– anions and closely packed chains of {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}. Interactions between the fullerene and phthalocyanine subsystems are realized through π–π stacking of the Cp* groups of {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)} and the C₆₀^•– pentagons. Furthermore, the spins of the C₆₀^•– are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled in the chains with an exchange interaction <i>J</i>/<i>k</i>_B = −31 K. Anionic (TBA⁺)­{(Cp*Ir^IICl)­(η²-C₆₀^–)}·1.34C₆H₄Cl₂ (<b>3</b>) and (TBA⁺)­{(Cp*Ir^III)­(η²-C₆₀^–)}·1.3C₆H₄Cl₂·0.2C₆H₁₄ (<b>4</b>) are the first transition metal complexes containing η²-bonded C₆₀^– anions, with the Cp*Ir^IICl and Cp*Ir^III units η²-coordinated to the 6–6 bonds of C₆₀^–. Magnetic measurements indicate diamagnetism of the {(Cp*Ir^IICl)­(η²-C₆₀^–)} and {(Cp*Ir^III)­(η²-C₆₀^–)} anions due to the formation of a coordination bond between two initially paramagnetic Cp*Ir^IICl or Cp*Ir^III groups and C₆₀^•– units. DFT calculations support a diamagnetic singlet ground state of <b>4</b>, in which the singlet–triplet energy gap is greater than 0.8 eV. DFT calculations also indicate that the C₆₀ molecules are negatively charged

Coordination Complexes of Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(III) Diiodide with Tin(II) Phthalocyanine and Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(II) Halide with Fullerene C₆₀^– Anions

Synthetic approaches to iridium complexes of metal phthalocyanines (Pc) and fullerene anions have been developed to give three types of complexes. The compound­{(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}·2C₆H₄Cl₂ (<b>1</b>) (Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) is the first crystalline complex of a metal phthalocyanine in which an iridium­(III) atom is bonded to the central tin­(II) atom of Pc via a Sn–Ir bond length of 2.58 Å. In (TBA⁺)­(C₆₀^•–)­{(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}·0.5C₆H₁₄ (<b>2</b>), the {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)} units cocrystallize with (TBA⁺)­(C₆₀^•–) to form double chains of C₆₀^•– anions and closely packed chains of {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}. Interactions between the fullerene and phthalocyanine subsystems are realized through π–π stacking of the Cp* groups of {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)} and the C₆₀^•– pentagons. Furthermore, the spins of the C₆₀^•– are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled in the chains with an exchange interaction <i>J</i>/<i>k</i>_B = −31 K. Anionic (TBA⁺)­{(Cp*Ir^IICl)­(η²-C₆₀^–)}·1.34C₆H₄Cl₂ (<b>3</b>) and (TBA⁺)­{(Cp*Ir^III)­(η²-C₆₀^–)}·1.3C₆H₄Cl₂·0.2C₆H₁₄ (<b>4</b>) are the first transition metal complexes containing η²-bonded C₆₀^– anions, with the Cp*Ir^IICl and Cp*Ir^III units η²-coordinated to the 6–6 bonds of C₆₀^–. Magnetic measurements indicate diamagnetism of the {(Cp*Ir^IICl)­(η²-C₆₀^–)} and {(Cp*Ir^III)­(η²-C₆₀^–)} anions due to the formation of a coordination bond between two initially paramagnetic Cp*Ir^IICl or Cp*Ir^III groups and C₆₀^•– units. DFT calculations support a diamagnetic singlet ground state of <b>4</b>, in which the singlet–triplet energy gap is greater than 0.8 eV. DFT calculations also indicate that the C₆₀ molecules are negatively charged

Formation of {Co(dppe)}₂{μ₂‑η²:η²‑η²:η²‑[(C₆₀)₂]} Dimers Bonded by Single C–C Bonds and Bridging η²‑Coordinated Cobalt Atoms

Coordination of two bridging cobalt atoms to fullerenes by the η² type in {Co­(dppe)}₂{μ₂-η²:η²-η²:η²-[(C₆₀)₂]}·3C₆H₄Cl₂ [<b>1</b>; dppe = 1,2-bis­(diphenylphosphino)­ethane] triggers fullerene dimerization with the formation of two intercage C–C bonds of 1.571(4) Å length. Coordination-induced fullerene dimerization opens a path to the design of fullerene structures bonded by both covalent C–C bonds and η²-coordination-bridged metal atoms

Interligand Charge Transfer in a Complex of Deprotonated <i>cis</i>-Indigo Dianions and Tin(II) Phthalocyanine Radical Anions with Cp*Ir^III

A diamagnetic complex, {(<i>cis</i>-indigo-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>)^2–(Cp*Ir^III)} (<b>1</b>), in which deprotonated <i>cis</i>-indigo dianions coordinate an iridium center through two nitrogen atoms was obtained. By employment of the ability of the iridium center in <b>1</b> to coordinate an additional ligand, the complex [(Bu₄N⁺)₂{[Sn^II(Pc^•3–)]­(<i>cis</i>-indigo-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>)^2–Cp*Ir^III}^•–₂·0.5­(H₂Indigo)·2.5C₆H₄C_l2 (<b>2</b>), which has two functional ligands coordinating an Ir^III center, was obtained. This complex has a magnetic moment of 1.71 μ_B at 300 K, in accordance with an <i>S</i> = 1/2 spin state. The spin density is mainly delocalized over the Pc^•3– macrocycle and partially on (<i>cis</i>-indigo-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>)^2–. Due to an effective π–π interaction, a thermally activated charge transfer from [Sn^II(Pc^•3–)]^•– to (<i>cis</i>-indigo-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>)^2– is observed, with an estimated Gibbs energy (−Δ<i>G</i>°) of 9.27 ± 0.18 kJ/mol. The deprotonation of indigo associated with the coordination of Ir^III by the indigo releases H⁺ ions, which protonate noncoordinating indigo molecules to produce leuco <i>cis</i>-indigo (H₂Indigo). One H₂indigo links two (<i>cis</i>-indigo-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>)^2– dianions in <b>2</b> to produce strong N–H···OC and O–H···OC hydrogen-bonding interactions

Coordination Complexes of Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(III) Diiodide with Tin(II) Phthalocyanine and Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Iridium(II) Halide with Fullerene C₆₀^– Anions

Synthetic approaches to iridium complexes of metal phthalocyanines (Pc) and fullerene anions have been developed to give three types of complexes. The compound­{(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}·2C₆H₄Cl₂ (<b>1</b>) (Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) is the first crystalline complex of a metal phthalocyanine in which an iridium­(III) atom is bonded to the central tin­(II) atom of Pc via a Sn–Ir bond length of 2.58 Å. In (TBA⁺)­(C₆₀^•–)­{(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}·0.5C₆H₁₄ (<b>2</b>), the {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)} units cocrystallize with (TBA⁺)­(C₆₀^•–) to form double chains of C₆₀^•– anions and closely packed chains of {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)}. Interactions between the fullerene and phthalocyanine subsystems are realized through π–π stacking of the Cp* groups of {(Cp*Ir^IIII₂)­Sn^IIPc­(2−)} and the C₆₀^•– pentagons. Furthermore, the spins of the C₆₀^•– are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled in the chains with an exchange interaction <i>J</i>/<i>k</i>_B = −31 K. Anionic (TBA⁺)­{(Cp*Ir^IICl)­(η²-C₆₀^–)}·1.34C₆H₄Cl₂ (<b>3</b>) and (TBA⁺)­{(Cp*Ir^III)­(η²-C₆₀^–)}·1.3C₆H₄Cl₂·0.2C₆H₁₄ (<b>4</b>) are the first transition metal complexes containing η²-bonded C₆₀^– anions, with the Cp*Ir^IICl and Cp*Ir^III units η²-coordinated to the 6–6 bonds of C₆₀^–. Magnetic measurements indicate diamagnetism of the {(Cp*Ir^IICl)­(η²-C₆₀^–)} and {(Cp*Ir^III)­(η²-C₆₀^–)} anions due to the formation of a coordination bond between two initially paramagnetic Cp*Ir^IICl or Cp*Ir^III groups and C₆₀^•– units. DFT calculations support a diamagnetic singlet ground state of <b>4</b>, in which the singlet–triplet energy gap is greater than 0.8 eV. DFT calculations also indicate that the C₆₀ molecules are negatively charged