The impact on employment of the age related increases in the National Minimum Wage

In this paper we use a regression discontinuity approach to analyse the effect of the legislated increase in the UK National Minimum Wage (NMW) at age 22 on various labour market outcomes. Using data from the Labour Force Survey we find a statistically significant 5% point increase in the employment rate of the low skilled at age 22 years. This is almost wholly explained by a decline in unemployment among men and inactivity among women. We find no effect before the NMW was introduced and no effect at age 21 or 23 years. Our results are robust to a range of specification and tests

Re-examining the Impact of the National Minimum Wage on Earnings, Employment and Hours: The Importance of Recession and Firm Size

Research to date suggests that the UK National Minimum Wage (NMW) has raised the earnings of low paid workers, without significantly affecting their employment opportunities. We re-examine existing evidence and suggest the picture is less clear cut. We explore whether the impacts of the NMW differ for workers in different size firms. Examining more recent data we investigate whether the NMW has affected the employment opportunities of low paid workers during the recession. In contrast to previous research we find some evidence to suggest that the introduction of the NMW may have had a small adverse impact on the employment opportunities of particular low paid workers, although, in line with previous research, for many low paid workers we find no impact. In general, it is not obvious that the impacts of the NMW on employment have differed over the business cycle. In comparison to other workers, low paid workers are more likely to work in smaller firms. We find that on average any potentially harmful effects of the NMW on the employment chances of low paid workers tend to be more significant amongst employees in large firms. Identification of the average hours effects of the NMW is hampered by the difficulty in finding a suitable control group

The employment and hours of work effects of the changing National Minimum Wage

This report is about the employment impacts of National Minimum Wage (NMW) rises in the period 2001-2006. This was a period where the NMW rose substantially in excess of average earnings. The report presents results based on analysis of individual Labour Force Survey (LFS) data and Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) data together with local area analysis. The focus of the analysis is threefold. First, it investigates changes in wages as a response to increases in the NMW. Second, it analyses employment to see if changes in the NMW influenced individual job retention and job exit, job entry, local area employment and unemployment rates. Third, it focusses on analysis of hours worked to see if employers changed hours worked as a response to changes in the NMW

The UK Minimum Wage at Age 22: A Regression Discontinuity Approach

A regression discontinuity approach is used to analyse the effect of the legislated increase in the UK National Minimum Wage (NMW) that occurs at age 22 on various labour market outcomes. Using data from the Labour Force Survey we find a 2- 4% point increase in the employment rate of low skilled individuals. Unemployment declines among men and inactivity among women. We find no such effect before the NMW was introduced and no robust impacts at age 21 or 23 years. Our results are robust to a range of specification tests.Minimum Wage Legislation, Low Wage

What\u27s Past is Prologue: Transforming Trauma, Rewriting Identity in Gloria Anzaldua\u27s Borderlands/La Frontera and Light in the Dark/Luz en lo Oscuro

Gloria Anzaldua’s Borderlands/La Frontera and Light in the Dark/Luz en lo Oscuro are widely acknowldged as groundbreaking texts across Latinx literary canons, invoking selfhood, spirituality, activism, and politics as a queer woman of color writer. Her language around self-dispersion is still undertheorized in what it owes to traumatic experiences discoverable in the self, body, world, and culture Anzaldua hails from. The extent of colonizing and kyriarchal damage in her work has been recognized; but the exact character of how these breakages and corresponding imperatives to regenerate oneself resemble a traumatic shock remains to be written about. This thesis sketches frameworks appropriate to the task, employing phenomenology, deconstruction, psychoanalysis, and theories of trauma and testimony alongside Anzaldua. Connections between each intellectual movement are uncovered in juxtaposition with Anzaldua’s texts, and novel readings arise with respect to Anzaldua’s worldview and the internal logic of death, pain, and rebirth unique to her experiences

The role of the traditional Mediterranean diet in the development of Minoan Crete : archaeological, nutritional and biochemical evidence

Bibliography: pages 245-268.Archaeological evidence reveals that a diet consisting of mainly of cereals, pulses and olives, supplemented by fish and with a low percentage of animal products, was consumed on Crete in the Minoan period, as it was up to this century. Modem clinical and biochemical research indicates that this traditional 'Mediterranean diet' offers certain nutritional and health benefits depending on the balances of the components - particularly relating to moderately high carbohydrate intake, low saturated (mainly animal) fatty acids and the presence of beneficial fatty acids of vegetable (especially olive) and fish origin. It has been demonstrated that intake of these latter fatty acids is associated with reduction in cardiac pathology and the development of visual and mental acuity in neonatal infants. Beneficial effects in certain cancers and auto-immune diseases are also being investigated. Lipid analyses of samples of Cretan olive oil and Aegean fish (identified taxonomically from faunal remains and Minoan frescoes) confirm good levels of both essential and other dietary fatty foods. An assessment of the nutritional benefits of the Minoan diet and its possible role in the development of Minoan Crete are investigated, using archaeological, demographic, biochemical and skeletal evidence

An investigation of the stiffness of shafts with integral disks

The results of an investigation of the effect of an integral disk on the torsional elastic stiffness of an axisymmetric shaft are presented. Various configurations of disk diameters and widths on a shaft of specified diameter were investigated, using a finite element method of calculation verified by experimentation. The finite element method is presented for the elastic solution of a general axisymmetric body under all possible axisymmetric load conditions. The axisymmetric body is idealized as an assemblage of triangular cross-sectioned torii representing both the normal and shear properties. The elastic stiffness is used to obtain the equilibrium equations of the assemblage, which are solved for displacements of the structure. The experimental work included the design of the torsional testing apparatus, specimens, and the experimental technique. The results indicate the effectiveness of an integral disk in resisting torsional deflection for the various shaft configurations. An approximate method of finding the stiffness of disks for aluminum shafts is also presented --Abstract, page ii

Effect of a doctor working during the festive period on population health:natural experiment using 60 years of Doctor Who episodes (the TARDIS study)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a (fictional) doctor working during the festive period on population health.DESIGN: Natural experiment.SETTING: England, Wales, and the UK.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age standardised annual mortality rates in England, Wales, and the UK from 1963, when the BBC first broadcast Doctor Who, a fictional programme with a character called the Doctor who fights villains and intervenes to save others while travelling through space and time. Mortality rates were modelled in a time series analysis accounting for non-linear trends over time, and associations were estimated in relation to a new Doctor Who episode broadcast during the previous festive period, 24 December to 1 January. An interrupted time series analysis modelled the shift in mortality rates from 2005, when festive episodes of Doctor Who could be classed as a yearly Christmas intervention.RESULTS: 31 festive periods from 1963 have featured a new Doctor Who episode, including 14 broadcast on Christmas Day. In time series analyses, an association was found between broadcasts during the festive period and subsequent lower annual mortality rates. In particular, episodes shown on Christmas Day were associated with 0.60 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.99; P=0.003) in England and Wales and 0.40 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (0.08 to 0.73; P=0.02) in the UK. The interrupted time series analysis showed a strong shift (reduction) in mortality rates from 2005 onwards in association with the Doctor Who Christmas intervention, with a mean 0.73 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (0.21 to 1.26; P=0.01) in England and Wales and a mean 0.62 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (0.16 to 1.09; P=0.01) in the UK.CONCLUSIONS: A new Doctor Who episode shown every festive period, especially on Christmas Day, was associated with reduced mortality rates in England, Wales, and the UK, suggesting that a doctor working over the festive period could lower mortality rates. This finding reinforces why healthcare provision should not be taken for granted and may prompt the BBC and Disney+ to televise new episodes of Doctor Who every festive period, ideally on Christmas Day.</p