Mapping of Landslide Hazard Distribution in Alo Watershed Gorontalo Regency

Landslide occurrence can be influenced by physical factors and human activities. Thus, research related to the provision of information about landslide distribution in Alo watershed is needed as a basis in enhancing community preparedness in dealing with disasters. The method used in this study is the scoring method based on the Minister of Public Works Regulation No.22 / PRT / M / 2017 which is processed through a geographical information system through the overlay of all physical parameters. The result shows that the Alo watershed area is divided into three vulnerability categories. "Low" category covers 7171.8 ha, "medium" category covers 12008.7 ha, and "high" category covers 5039.5 ha out of 24.221 ha the total area of Alo watershed. Information provided in this research is expected to be able to help the local government in making policies in managing the Alo watershed area and enhancing the understanding of the local community in Alo watershed in dealing with disasters

Considering the impact of situation-specific motivations and constraints in the design of naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings

A simple logical model of the interaction between a building and its occupants is presented based on the principle that if free to do so, people will adjust their posture, clothing or available building controls (windows, blinds, doors, fans, and thermostats) with the aim of achieving or restoring comfort and reducing discomfort. These adjustments are related to building design in two ways: first the freedom to adjust depends on the availability and ease-of-use of control options; second the use of controls affects building comfort and energy performance. Hence it is essential that these interactions are considered in the design process. The model captures occupant use of controls in response to thermal stimuli (too warm, too cold etc.) and non-thermal stimuli (e.g. desire for fresh air). The situation-specific motivations and constraints on control use are represented through trigger temperatures at which control actions occur, motivations are included as negative constraints and incorporated into a single constraint value describing the specifics of each situation. The values of constraints are quantified for a range of existing buildings in Europe and Pakistan. The integration of the model within a design flow is proposed and the impact of different levels of constraints demonstrated. It is proposed that to minimise energy use and maximise comfort in naturally ventilated and hybrid buildings the designer should take the following steps: 1. Provide unconstrained low energy adaptive control options where possible, 2. Avoid problems with indoor air quality which provide motivations for excessive ventilation rates, 3. Incorporate situation-specific adaptive behaviour of occupants in design simulations, 4. Analyse the robustness of designs against variations in patterns of use and climate, and 5. Incorporate appropriate comfort standards into the operational building controls (e.g. BEMS)

Peran Negara untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan dalam Kerangka Maqashidus Syariah

The research was conducted to explain the role of the State in realizing welfare within the framework of maqashidasysyariah. maqashidasysyariah is a view developed by al-Ghazali to explain and accommodate the purposes of the Shari'a. Al Ghazali mentions that a welfare society is a society that can meet the needs of its dien, its nafs, its aql (its intellectual needs), nasl (descendant), and maal (wealth). In various literature studies, the authors found that only an Islamic State can realize such welfare and not in the form of another State. The welfare is mobilized into an institutional role as follows the non-material welfare of accommodating the needs of the community for its worship and the physical well-being of society as its basic physical needs are accommodated in political and economic activity

Development of an adaptive window-opening algorithm to predict the thermal comfort, energy use and overheating in buildings

This investigation of the window opening data from extensive field surveys in UK office buildings demonstrates: 1) how people control the indoor environment by opening windows; 2) the cooling potential of opening windows; and 3) the use of an ‘adaptive algorithm’ for predicting window opening behaviour for thermal simulation in ESP-r. It was found that when the window was open the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures were higher than when closed, but show that nonetheless there was a useful cooling effect from opening a window. The adaptive algorithm for window opening behaviour was then used in thermal simulation studies for some typical office designs. The thermal simulation results were in general agreement with the findings of the field surveys. The adaptive algorithm is shown to provide insights not available using non adaptive simulation methods and can assist in achieving more comfortable, lower energy buildings while avoiding overheating

Comfort driven adaptive window opening behaviour and the influence of building design

It is important to understand and model the behaviour of occupants in buildings and how this behaviour impacts energy use and comfort. It is similarly important to understand how a buildings design affects occupant comfort, occupant behaviour and ultimately the energy used in the operation of the building. In this work a behavioural algorithm for window opening developed from field survey data has been implemented in a dynamic simulation tool. The algorithm is in alignment with the proposed CEN standard for adaptive thermal comfort. The algorithm is first compared to the field study data then used to illustrate the impact of adaptive behaviour on summer indoor temperatures and heating energy. The simulation model is also used to illustrate the sensitivity of the occupant adaptive behaviour to building design parameters such as solar shading and thermal mass and the resulting impact on energy use and comfort. The results are compared to those from other approaches to model window opening behaviour. The adaptive algorithm is shown to provide insights not available using non adaptive simulation methods and can assist in achieving more comfortable and lower energy buildings

The thermal simulation of an office building implementing a new behavioural algorithm for window opening and the use of ceiling fans

This investigation of the window opening data from extensive field surveys in UK office buildings investigates 1) how people control the indoor environment by opening windows, 2) the cooling potential of opening windows, and 3) the use of an “adaptive algorithm” for predicting window opening behaviour for thermal simulation in ESP-r. We found that the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures when the window was open were higher than when it was closed, but show that nonetheless there was a useful cooling effect from opening a window. The adaptive algorithm for window opening behaviour was then used in thermal simulation studies for some typical office designs. The thermal simulation results were in general agreement with the findings of the field surveys

A window opening algorithm and UK office temperature field results and thermal simulation

This investigation of the window opening data from extensive field surveys in UK office buildings investigates 1) how people control the indoor environment by opening windows, 2) the cooling potential of opening windows, and 3) the use of an “adaptive algorithm” for predicting window opening behaviour for thermal simulation in ESP-r. We found that the mean indoor and outdoor temperatures when the window was open were higher than when it was closed, but show that nonetheless there was a useful cooling effect from opening a window. The adaptive algorithm for window opening behaviour was then used in thermal simulation studies for some typical office designs. The thermal simulation results were in general agreement with the findings of the field surveys

Prosedur Underwriting Bancassurance Dan Asuransi Jiwa Syariah Pada PT. Asuransi Takâful Keluarga

This study explains the comparative risk selection (of underwriting) in bancassurance products and Islamic life insurance products at PT. Family Takaful Insurance. The result revealed that the underwriting procedures of each product are different based on their characteristics. Full protection is designed as a simple of underwriting product only with age provisions and administrative requirements. Financing takâful products cover all financing from the bank. Thus, bank which does the insurance process will make these data as basic information about insurance customers. Since the bank is insured, and apply risk selection process as risky selection process at most insurance companies.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v4i1.254

Analisis Hubungan Antara Persamaan Riccati Dan Persamaan Integral Volterra Tipe Dua

In this paper, a method for finding solution of the Riccati equation is introduced. The Riccatiequation is the first order inhomogeneous nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) that can always be transformed into a second order homogeneous linear ODE. Since, every initial value problem (IVP) of the second order linear ODEs can be transformed into a Volterra integral equation (IE) of the second type, evaluate this equation by approximate technique by means, the approximate solution of the Riccati equation can be found. The approximate technique of the Voterra IE has been describe before, is based on the Taylor series expansion and it's modification of the method. Behind the Cramer's rule, an approximate solution of the 2nd type Volterra IE is easily can be determine and so, the approximate solution of the Riccati equation can be found. Test example is given to get conclusion about accuracy of the method