Application of a Conducting Poly-Methionine/Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Sensor for the Electrochemical Detection of Paroxetine

This work demonstrates a facile electropolymerization of a dl-methionine (dl-met) conducting polymeric film on a gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The resulting sensor was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of paroxetine·HCl (PRX), a selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs), in its pharmaceutical formulations. The sensor was characterized morphologically using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical techniques such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The proposed sensor, poly (dl-met)/AuNPs-GCE, exhibited a linear response range from 5 × 10−11 to 5 × 10−8 M and from 5 × 10−8 to 1 × 10−4 M using DPV with lowest limit of detection (LOD = 1 × 10−11 M) based on (S/N = 3). The poly (dl-met)/AuNPs-GCE sensor was successfully applied for PRX determination in three different pharmaceutical formulations with percent recoveries between 96.29% and 103.40% ± SD (±0.02 and ±0.58, respectively)

Mathematical model of mechano-sensing and mechanically induced collective motility of cells on planar elastic substrates

Cells mechanically interact with their environment to sense, for example, topography, elasticity and mechanical cues from other cells. Mechano-sensing has profound effects on cellular behaviour, including motility. The current study aims to develop a mathematical model of cellular mechano-sensing on planar elastic substrates and demonstrate the model’s predictive capabilities for the motility of individual cells in a colony. In the model, a cell is assumed to transmit an adhesion force, derived from a dynamic focal adhesion integrin density, that locally deforms a substrate, and to sense substrate deformation originating from neighbouring cells. The substrate deformation from multiple cells is expressed as total strain energy density with a spatially varying gradient. The magnitude and direction of the gradient at the cell location define the cell motion. Cell–substrate friction, partial motion randomness, and cell death and division are included. The substrate deformation by a single cell and the motility of two cells are presented for several substrate elasticities and thicknesses. The collective motility of 25 cells on a uniform substrate mimicking the closure of a circular wound of 200 µm is predicted for deterministic and random motion. Cell motility on substrates with varying elasticity and thickness is explored for four cells and 15 cells, the latter again mimicking wound closure. Wound closure by 45 cells is used to demonstrate the simulation of cell death and division during migration. The mathematical model can adequately simulate the mechanically induced collective cell motility on planar elastic substrates. The model is suitable for extension to other cell and substrates shapes and the inclusion of chemotactic cues, offering the potential to complement in vitro and in vivo studies