À la croisée des discours littéraire et scientifique : La comparaison comme haute figure dialogique

International audienceCette étude se concentre sur le dialogue particulièrement riche qu’entretiennent au XIXe siècle les discours scientifique et littéraire, et plus précisément sur la convocation, au sein de la critique littéraire, de tout un champ notionnel emprunté aux sciences dites exactes (biologie, physique, chimie, botanique…). La comparaison, souvent employée par la critique littéraire pour positionner son propre énoncé par rapport à un énoncé scientifique, semble tenir un rôle central dans cet appareillement des discours, captant et catalysant en quelque sorte le « dialogisme discursif » [ADAM, 2005] au niveau microscopique. Au cœur de cette intertextualité, il s’agit de comprendre la portée analogique de la comparaison, ses fonctions et enjeux particuliers

Hydraulic Jump in a Sloped Trapezoidal Channel

AbstractThe hydraulic jump in a sloped trapezoidal channel is theoretically and experimentally examined. The study aims to determine the effect of the channel's slope on the sequent depth ratio of the jump. A theoretical relation is proposed for the inflow Froude number as function of the sequent depth ratio and the channel slope. An experimental analysis is also proposed to find a better formulation of the obtained relation. For this motive, five positive slopes are tested. The relations obtained are recommended for designing irrigation ditches

Contribution to the experimental study of the hydraulic jump in trapezoidal channel with positive slope

The purpose of this study is to study experimentally the hydraulic jump evolving in a symmetric trapezoidal channel with a positive slope, requires the use of an experimental protocol, and to find experimental relations linking the characteristics of the formed projection. The experimental study investigated the variation of the relative height S = s / h1 of the threshold as a function of the Froude F1 number of the incident flow, for five distinct values of the slope of the channel.Keywords: Hydraulic jump, trapezoidal channel, damping basin, trapezoidal channel withpositive slope, suddenly varied flow

Le ressaut hydraulique évoluant dans un canal rectangulaire de forme composée

The purpose of this thesis is to experimentally analyze the controlled hydraulic jump and the type A jump forced by a thin sill, by thick sill and by positive step evolving in a rectangular channel of compound section. The main objective of this study is to experimentally examine the effect of the compound section as well as the influence of the sill and the positive step on the characteristics of the jump. In addition, several empirical relationships have been obtained, allowing the dimensioning of the stilling basin for the two projection configurations of jump

Un style « au service de la vérité » : la critique littéraire de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle

En faisant le procès de la rhétorique, une partie de la critique littéraire de la seconde moitié du xixe siècle considère l’écriture scientifique comme un nouveau modèle à suivre. Cet article entend resituer le rôle tenu par le discours scientifique, en particulier celui des sciences du vivant, dans le débat sur la rhétorique qui oppose les critiques littéraires de l’époque. Derrière l’ambition des critiques à faire savoir, c’est la valorisation d’une nouvelle idée de la littérature qui nous semble être mise en jeu.During the second half of the 19th century, part of the literary criticism put rhetoric on trial and praised scientific writing as a new model. This article aims to situate the role played by scientific discourse, especially that of the life sciences, in the debate on rhetoric between the literary critics of the time. Behind the shaping of a discourse that produces knowledge, it is the valorisation of a new idea of literature that seems to be at stake

Le ressaut hydraulique évoluant dans un canal rectangulaire de forme composée

Cette présente thèse a pour but d’analyser expérimentalement le ressaut hydraulique contrôlé et le ressaut de type, A forcé par seuil mince, par seuil épais et par marche positive évoluant dans un canal rectangulaire de section composée. L‘objectif principal de cette étude est d’examiner expérimentalement l'effet de la section composée ainsi que l’influence du seuil et de la marche positive sur les caractéristiques du ressaut. En outre, plusieurs relations empiriques ont été obtenues, permettant le dimensionnement du bassin de dissipation pour les deux configurations du ressaut. Mots clés: Ressaut hydraulique, canal rectangulaire composé, bassin de dissipation, nombre de Froude, Ressaut forcé, marche positive, Canal a ciel ouvert

Annotation of Toponyms in TEI Digital Literary Editions and Linking to the Web of Data

International audienceThis paper aims to discuss the challenges and benefits of the annotation of place names in literary texts and literary criticism. We shall first highlight the problems of encoding spatial information in digital editions using the TEI format by means of two manual annotation experiments and the discussion of various cases. This will lead to the question of how to use existing semantic web resources to complement and enrich toponym markup , in particular to provide mentions with precise geo-referencing. Finally the automatic annotation of a large corpus will show the potential of visualizing places from texts, by illustrating an analysis of the evolution of literary life from the spatial and geographical point of view.Este artigo aborda as dificuldades e as vantagens da anotação dos nomes de lugar em textos literários e de crítica literária. Começamos por realçar os problemas de codifi-cação da informação espacial em edições digitais usando o formato TEI, através de duas experiências de anotação manual e da análise de diversos casos. Isto conduzirá à questão de como utilizar os recursos da web semântica para complementar e enrique-cer a marcação de topónimos, em particular com georreferenciação rigorosa. Por último, a anotação automática de um grande corpus irá mostrar o potencial de visuali-zação de locais a partir de textos, ilustrando a análise da evolução da vida literária segundo um ponto de vista espacial e geográfico. Palavras-chave: estudos literários digitais; topónimos; web semântica; bases de dados geográficas; mapas e visualizações

La correspondance de motifs, un outil pour l’analyse du discours ?

Dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, une partie de la critique littéraire française revendique le caractère scientifique de son discours, au point de prendre pour modèles certains essais de biologie, de médecine, d’anthropologie, de psychologie ou encore de sociologie. Cet article se propose de mener une enquête préliminaire afin de repérer un éventuel point commun discursif entre la critique littéraire et les sciences de la fin du xixe siècle. Pour ce faire, notre étude s’appuie sur une méthode computationnelle procédant par extraction des motifs syntaxiques et analyse factorielle des correspondances (AFC). Plutôt qu’une analyse stylistique, nous entreprenons ici une exploration à l’échelle du discours, conduite par la découverte de motifs surreprésentés dans un texte par rapport à un corpus donné.In the second half of the 19th century, some French literary critics proclaimed the scientific nature of their discourse and regarded scientific essays (in biology, medicine, anthropology, psychology or sociology) as models. This article proposes to conduct a preliminary study to identify a possible discursive common ground between literary criticism and the sciences at the end of the 19th century. To do so, our study is based on a computational method, using extraction and correspondence analysis (CA) for syntactic patterns. Rather than a stylistic analysis, we undertake here a transdiscursive exploration, led by the discovery of relevant patterns in a text within a given corpus

Sphingolipids and impaired hypoxic stress responses in Huntington disease.

Huntington disease (HD) is a debilitating, currently incurable disease. Protein aggregation and metabolic deficits are pathological hallmarks but their link to neurodegeneration and symptoms remains debated. Here, we summarize alterations in the levels of different sphingolipids in an attempt to characterize sphingolipid patterns specific to HD, an additional molecular hallmark of the disease. Based on the crucial role of sphingolipids in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the dynamic regulation of sphingolipids upon insults and their involvement in cellular stress responses, we hypothesize that maladaptations or blunted adaptations, especially following cellular stress due to reduced oxygen supply (hypoxia) contribute to the development of pathology in HD. We review how sphingolipids shape cellular energy metabolism and control proteostasis and suggest how these functions may fail in HD and in combination with additional insults. Finally, we evaluate the potential of improving cellular resilience in HD by conditioning approaches (improving the efficiency of cellular stress responses) and the role of sphingolipids therein. Sphingolipid metabolism is crucial for cellular homeostasis and for adaptations following cellular stress, including hypoxia. Inadequate cellular management of hypoxic stress likely contributes to HD progression, and sphingolipids are potential mediators. Targeting sphingolipids and the hypoxic stress response are novel treatment strategies for HD