24 research outputs found

    Cannabis and Breastfeeding

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    Cannabis is a drug derived from hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, used both as a recreational drug or as medicine. It is a widespread illegal substance, generally smoked for its hallucinogenic properties. Little is known about the adverse effects of postnatal cannabis exposure throw breastfeeding because of a lack of studies in lactating women. The active substance of cannabis is the delta 9 TetraHydroCannabinol (THC). Some studies conclude that it could decrease motor development of the child at one year of age. Therefore, cannabis use and abuse of other drugs like alcohol, tobacco, or cocaine must be contraindicated during breastfeeding. Mothers who use cannabis must stop breastfeeding, or ask for medical assistance to stop cannabis use in order to provide her baby with all the benefits of human milk

    Evaluation de l'implication du gĂšne STOX1 dans la pathologie placentaire

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    LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU MĂ©d (940432101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    The First 1000 Days of Infant

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    The third edition of the Nursing and Pediatrics Congress was held in Paris from 16–19 June 2021, with the aim of contributing the experiences and reflections of relevant health professionals (pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, obstetricians, nurses, midwives, dieticians, and lactation consultants) to the knowledge of the most critical period of human life: its first 1000 days [...

    Initiating and Supporting Breastfeeding: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives

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    International audienceExclusive breastfeeding is recommended for children for the first 4 to 6 months of life, with complementary foods added thereafter. It is the most ecological way of protecting the child's and mother's health. Training of health professionals is required to avoid transmitting inconsistent information in 3 areas: 1) implementing these 3 predictors: safe skin-to-skin, first breastfeed, and rooming-in 24/7; 2) teaching and monitoring: i) early signs of waking and feeding rhythms, ii) positioning and latching, and iii) signs of effective transfer; and 3) referring women to specialized support services if difficulties arise (eg, inadequate milk production, pain, cracked nipples, engorgement). Breastfeeding should continue during mastitis or an abscess. Ultrasound-guided needle aspiration is beneficial in treating an absces

    Recommandations pour la pratique clinique : « Interventions pendant la pĂ©riode pĂ©rinatale ». Chapitre 6 : Initiation et soutien Ă  l’allaitement maternel

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    L’allaitement maternel (AM) recommandĂ© de maniĂšre exclusive durant 4 Ă  6 mois puis au-delĂ  en complĂ©ment de la diversification est le moyen le plus Ă©cologique de protĂ©ger la santĂ© de l’enfant et de la mĂšre. La formation des professionnels est obligatoire pour prĂ©venir la discordance de discours avec 3 axes : 1) Respecter les 3 Ă©lĂ©ments prĂ©dictifs: peau Ă  peau sĂ©curisĂ©, premiĂšre tĂ©tĂ©e, cohabitation 24h/24 ; 2) Enseigner et vĂ©rifier i) les signes d’éveil et les rythmes ii) la position et prise du sein en bouche iii) l’efficacitĂ© des tĂ©tĂ©es ; 3) Proposer un suivi spĂ©cialisĂ© en cas de difficultĂ©s (insuffisance de production lactĂ©e, douleurs, crevasses, engorgement
). L’AM doit ĂȘtre poursuivi en cas de mastite et d’abcĂšs qui pourra bĂ©nĂ©ficier d’une ponction Ă©cho guidĂ©e

    Nutrition of Pregnant and Lactating Women in the First 1000 Days of Infant

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    Nutrition for pregnant and breastfeeding women is fundamental to the development of the child in its first 1000 days and beyond. To evaluate the adequacy of this nutrition, we have relied on historical dietary surveys and on personal French studies (4 studies from 1997 to 2014) involving dietary surveys over 3 days (3D-Diet). Furthermore, our team specialized in lipids has measured the fatty acids of breast milk, which reflect the dietary intake of lipids, from breast milk (1997–2014) and from the lipids of cord blood and maternal fat tissue, in 1997. According to our results, pregnancy needs require an additional 300 Kcal, but surveys show a bad equilibrium of macronutrients: an excess of proteins of fetus [17% of total energy intake (TEI) vs. 15%], excess of fats (45% vs. 35%), excess of saturated fatty acids (SFA), not enough polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega 3, and a deficit in carbohydrates (45% vs. 55%). There is also a deficiency in calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and vitamins D, B6, B5, and folates. Breast milk adequately provides all the macronutrients necessary for the growth of the child. Proteins and carbohydrates vary little according to the mother’s diet; on the other hand, its composition in lipids, trace elements, and vitamins is highly variable with the mother’s diet of breast milk. In our study in 2014, in 80 participants, the diet was low in calories (1996 Kcal vs. 2200 Kcal RDA), normoprotidic, normolipidic, but low in carbohydrate, especially polysaccharides. We note a very insufficient intake of fish and dairy products, and therefore calcium, but also magnesium, zinc, iron, and vitamins D, E, B6, and folate. Consequently, if the mother does not achieve a diet adequate to her needs during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it will be necessary to resort to medicinal supplements in minerals, trace elements, vitamins, and omega 3

    Bacillus cereus Induces Severe Infections in Preterm Neonates: Implication at the Hospital and Human Milk Bank Level

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    International audienceHuman breast milk (HBM) is a source of essential nutrients for infants and is particularly recommended for preterm neonates when their own mother's milk is not available. It provides protection against infections and decreases necrotizing enterocolitis and cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, HBM spoilage can occur due to contamination by pathogens, and the risk of a shortage of HBM is very often present. B. cereus is the most frequent ubiquitous bacteria responsible for HBM being discarded. It can contaminate HBM at all stages, from its collect point to the storage and delivery. B. cereus can induce severe infection in newborns with very low birth weight, with sometimes fatal outcomes. Although the source of contamination is rarely identified, in some cases, HBM was suspected as a potential source. Even if the risk is low, as infection due to B. cereus in preterm infants should not be overlooked, human milk banks follow strict procedures to avoid contamination, to accurately identify remaining bacteria following pasteurization and to discard non-compliant milk samples. In this review, we present a literature overview of B. cereus infections reported in neonates and the suspected sources of contamination. We highlight the procedures followed by the human milk banks from the collection of the milk to its microbiological characterization in Europe. We also present improved detection and decontamination methods that might help to decrease the risk and to preserve the public's confidence in this vital biological product for infants whose mothers cannot breastfeed

    AltĂ©rations de l’expression des gĂšnes dans les Retards de Croissance Intra-UtĂ©rin

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    Les retards de croissance intra-utĂ©rins constituent des complications frĂ©quentes de la grossesse (3-5 %), caractĂ©risĂ©es par une rupture de la courbe de croissance des foetus in utero. Dans les cas les plus graves le RCIU entraĂźne une souffrance fƓtale chronique, qui en fait la troisiĂšme cause de lĂ©talitĂ© aprĂšs la prĂ©maturitĂ© et les malformations. Dans de rares cas, le retard de croissance a Ă©tĂ© associĂ© Ă  des maladies impliquant l’empreinte gĂ©nĂ©tique. De nombreux travaux se sont focalisĂ©s sur ce point probablement Ă  la suite de l’identiïŹcation des effets de l’invalidation du gĂšne soumis Ă  empreinte IGF2 au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1990. IndĂ©pendamment de l’empreinte, le lien de cause Ă  effet entre mutation d’un gĂšne particulier et RCIU n’a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©montrĂ© que dans de trĂšs rares cas et en gĂ©nĂ©ral dans le contexte de syndromes complexes. C’est le cas des mutations de la culline 7 dans le syndrome dit « 3M ». L’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© Ă©vidente du RCIU provient de sa dĂ©ïŹnition clinique extrĂȘmement vague, et nĂ©cessitant des subdivisions. On peut par exemple distinguer des causes « endogĂšnes » liĂ©es Ă  des dĂ©fauts de gĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans le dĂ©veloppement foeto-placentaire, et des causes vasculaires induites par un dysfonctionnement placentaire, comme dans le dĂ©faut trophique induit par la prĂ©Ă©clampsie. Cette derniĂšre catĂ©gorie de « RCIU vasculaires » est elle-mĂȘme caractĂ©risĂ©e par une trĂšs grande hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ©. Un axe de recherche important part nĂ©anmoins de l’hypothĂšse que les consĂ©quences physiologiques du RCIU pourraient prĂ©senter des tendances gĂ©nĂ©rales. Ces tendances peuvent ĂȘtre analysĂ©es sur le placenta, mais aussi sur des organes pĂ©rennes de l’individu, comme les reins, le foie, le cerveau, etc. La pĂ©rennisation des altĂ©rations nutritionnelles de la grossesse pourrait passer par des modiïŹcations « mĂ©morisables » par les cellules, en particulier par exemple par l’intermĂ©diaire d’un tissu commun Ă  tous les organes : l’endothĂ©lium vasculaire. Les mĂ©canismes qui permettent la transmission de l’information, la mĂ©morisation d’un stress prĂ©coce sont matĂ©rialisĂ©s dans la chromatine par des mĂ©canismes dits « Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tiques ». Les modiïŹcations Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tiques sont hĂ©ritables mais ne modiïŹent pas la sĂ©quence de l’ADN. On ne parle pas de mutations, mais d’épimutations. Elles sont rĂ©alisĂ©es par trois mĂ©canismes complĂ©mentaires : des modiïŹcations chimiques de la molĂ©cule d’ADN (mĂ©thylation des cytosines dans les sĂ©quences CG), des modiïŹcations chimiques des histones (inïŹ‚uant sur la structure de la chromatine, son Ă©tat « ouvert », transcriptionnellement actif, ou « fermĂ© », et des ARNs non codants capables de bloquer l’expression de gĂšnes de façon ciblĂ©e). Le RCIU peut ĂȘtre induit expĂ©rimentalement par le rĂ©gime alimentaire dans des modĂšles animaux (revue exhaustive dans Mc MILLEN et ROBINSON, Physiol Reviews, 2005). C’est ce que nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© chez le rat par restriction protidique pendant la grossesse. Nous avons ensuite analysĂ© les altĂ©rations trasncriptomiques dans cinq organes cibles : le placenta, le rein, le cƓur, le foie et le poumon. L’analyse approfondie des altĂ©rations placentaires a suggĂ©rĂ© l’implication du gĂšne Pdx1 comme coordinateur majeur des altĂ©rations expressionnelles placentaires, en parallĂšle avec celles de nombreuses protĂ©ines Ă  doigt de zinc. L’analyse comparĂ©e avec l’humain a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© qu’une proportion Ă©levĂ©e de facteurs coordonnant les altĂ©rations transcriptomiques est modiïŹĂ©e comme chez le rat, renforçant l’idĂ©e d’une unitĂ© dans les altĂ©rations placentaires (BUFFAT et al., 2007a). L’analyse des effets de PDX1 se poursuit dans un modĂšle cellulaire (GASCOIN-LACHAMBRE et al., en prĂ©paration). Parmi les acteurs rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©s par des approches globales ou ciblĂ©es indĂ©pendantes, on retrouve une famille de 7 protĂ©ines appelĂ©es cullines. En particulier, la culline 4B et la culline 7 semblent altĂ©rĂ©es au niveau transcriptionnel par le RCIU, chez l’homme comme chez les rongeurs. Nous avons rĂ©cemment montrĂ© que le RCIU induit des modiïŹcations subtiles de l’épissage de ces gĂšnes, tout en altĂ©rant leur rĂ©gulation expressionnelle, et leur marquage Ă©pigĂ©nĂ©tique au niveau de sĂ©quences CG spĂ©ciïŹques. Les cullines sont impliquĂ©es dans l’échafaudage de protĂ©ines cytoplasmiques structurant la cellule, ainsi que dans l’acheminement de protĂ©ines spĂ©ciïŹques vers le protĂ©asome. Ce sont donc des acteurs importants de la physiologie et de l’homĂ©ostasie cellulaire, qui pourraient donc temporiser les effets du RCIU, et donc ĂȘtre systĂ©matiquement activĂ©es dans cette pathologie. En ce qui concerne les altĂ©rations des organes induites chez les fƓtus par le RCIU, nous les avons analysĂ©es en dĂ©tail dans le cas du rein. Nous avons pu montrer une augmentation massive de gĂšnes impliquĂ©s dans la coagulation et l’activation du complĂ©ment dans cet organe, ce qui est corrĂ©lĂ© Ă  la diminution du nombre de glomĂ©rules et donc globalement Ă  un fonctionnement probablement moins efïŹcace (BUFFAT et al., 2007b). L’analyse transcriptomique globale des cinq organes analysĂ©s dans le modĂšle rat conduit Ă  l’idĂ©e que le placenta et le rein servent de « ïŹltres » Ă  deux niveaux entre la mĂšre et le fƓtus, car ces deux organes ont des altĂ©rations expressionnelles corrĂ©lĂ©es tandis que les trois autres organes fƓtaux analysĂ©s (cƓur, foie, poumon) sont corrĂ©lĂ©s entre eux. L’étude des effets Ă  long terme sur les organes pĂ©rennes suite au RCIU est un sujet encore neuf, qui pose de trĂšs nombreuses questions en termes de rĂ©gulation, d’adaptation des organes Ă  un environnement agressif. La meilleure comprĂ©hension des effets du RCIU pourrait permettre par des apports nutritionnels ciblĂ©s, d’amĂ©liorer le pronostic Ă  court et a long terme

    Neonatal Hemodynamic Characteristics of the Recipient Twin of Twin-To-Twin Transfusion Syndrome Not Treated with Fetoscopic Laser Surgery

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    Background: This paper’s intent is to describe the neonatal hemodynamic characteristics of recipient twins of monochorionic pregnancies complicated with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), born without prenatal fetoscopic selective laser coagulation (FSLC). Methods: Retrospective analysis of hemodynamic characteristics was performed during the first five days of life of recipient twins from untreated TTTS. Results: Forty-two recipient twins were included and divided into three groups: no hemodynamic impairment (NoHI) (n = 15, 36%), isolated high blood pressure (HighBP) (n = 12, 28%), and cardiac failure group (CF) (n = 15, 36%). Patients of both CF and HighBP groups had high systolic blood pressure during the first 12 h of life and ventricular hypertrophy at early echocardiography. Cardiac failure occurred at a median age of 14 h (IQR = 6–24) and was followed by a drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Acute kidney injury was more frequent (93% vs. 25%, p p p = 0.012), very preterm birth (p = 0.040), and polycythemia (p = 0.002). Conclusion: One-third of recipient twins born without prenatal FSLC developed life-threatening cardiac failure during the first 24 h of life
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