Profile Characteristics of Some Forest-Formed Soils Derived from Iowan Till

Three profiles were collected in Bremer and Floyd counties to represent the proposed Coggon series; detailed field and laboratory studies were conducted on these profiles. The Coggon soils have developed under forest vegetation from a two-story parent material consisting of a silty mantle-pebble band-glacial till sequence. Being formed from Iowan-age glacial till, the Coggon profiles exhibit an amount of development that is low compared to other Gray-Brown Podzolic soils of Iowa. Coarser parent material might possibly explain why Coggon is less developed than the Weller soils, which are formed from presumably younger, loessial parent material. On the other hand, the lack of development in Coggon could be explained by its youth if one considers the possibility that the present geomorphic surface of the Iowan till represents a rather young pedi-sedimented surface which is more recent than the last glaciation

Characteristics of the Floyd and Some Related Soils in Floyd and Bremer Counties, Iowa

This study deals with imperfectly and poorly drained soils generally considered to have developed under prairie from a parent material consisting of a sandy-silt mantle overlying Iowan glacial loam till. Three Floyd profiles, two profiles of the proposed Tripoli series (Floyd, poorly drained variant), and one Clyde profile were studied in the field and in the laboratory. Results indicate that the Tripoli soils should be separated from the Floyd and mapped as a separate series. The present concepts of the Floyd series as a minimal Brunizem and the Tripoli as a minimal Wiesenboden are substantiated by field studies and laboratory data

Causes of Differences in Soil Series of the Missouri River Bottomlands of Monona County

The current soil survey of Monona County has revealed many differences in the alluvial deposits occurring in the Missouri River bottomlands. As a consequence the soils developed from these different deposits show numerous dissimilarities. It is the purpose of this paper to describe and explain the causes of the differences encountered. The principal factors in soil formation are climate, organisms, topography, parent material and time. In the Missouri River bottomlands of Monona County it can be assumed that climate and organisms are not important causes of soil differences. In general, differences in topography are closely related to differences in parent material. Thus parent material or time of deposition or both, must be the principal cause or causes of soil differences. The soils found on the Missouri River bottomlands are, for the most part, formed from alluvial materials. Some coarser alluvium may have been resorted by wind action subsequent to deposition but areas showing evidence of wind action are not extensive. The principal source of alluvium is the Missouri River; next, the tributary rivers and streams; and, of least importance, the steep bluffs that form the sides of the valley

First principles investigations of the electronic, magnetic and chemical bonding properties of CeTSn (T=Rh,Ru)

The electronic structures of CeRhSn and CeRuSn are self-consistently calculated within density functional theory using the local spin density approximation for exchange and correlation. In agreement with experimental findings, the analyses of the electronic structures and of the chemical bonding properties point to the absence of magnetization within the mixed valent Rh based system while a finite magnetic moment is observed for trivalent cerium within the Ru-based stannide, which contains both trivalent and intermediate valent Ce.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, for more information see http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/~eyert

Properties of Two Profiles of the Hayden Series

The soils formed under forest vegetation from Late Wisconsin glacial till in Northcentral Iowa were classified, according to the summary by Brown (1936), chiefly with the Conover series. In the soil survey of Story County, similar soils were classified with the Ames and Lindley series according to Meldrum, Perfect, and Mogen (1941). The Ames series is a Planosol formed under forest vegetation and occurs on nearly level to slightly level areas. As the Lindley soils occur principally in the Kansan till area, they include soils with ferretto-like profiles. Thus, it seemed desirable to introduce a new series for most of those soils classified as Lindley in the Story County soil survey and for the sloping soils mainly classified as Conover in Boone County. Therefore, the Hayden series, originally established in Minnesota as the Gray Brown Podzolic correlative of the Clarion series, a Brunizem, has been introduced into Iowa as has been discussed by Simonson, Riecken, and Smith (1952). This paper is a report of a study of two Hayden profiles, with a discussion of its relationship to the Clarion series and also to some other Gray Brown Padzolic series

Estimated crop yields on Iowa soils

Everyone interested in agriculture is concerned, to some degree, with estimating crop yields. Estimated yields are a basis for appraising farmland and frequently are used for establishing rental arrangements and determining farm sale and loan values. They also are used in planning the farm business and in developing various agricultural programs.https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/specialreports/1022/thumbnail.jp

Profile Properties of Some Loess-Derived Brunizem Soils of Southeastern Iowa

Brown (1936, p 18) summarized the information up to 1936 on the geography and classification of the prairie loess-derived soils of southeastern Iowa. The Tama and Grundy were the major series recognized. Field studies since 1942 indicated there was a need to revise the concept of these series. The present paper presents some data on selected profiles formerly classed with these series

Searching for hexagonal analogues of the half-metallic half-Heusler XYZ compounds

The XYZ half-Heusler crystal structure can conveniently be described as a tetrahedral zinc blende YZ structure which is stuffed by a slightly ionic X species. This description is well suited to understand the electronic structure of semiconducting 8-electron compounds such as LiAlSi (formulated Li$^+$[AlSi]$^-$) or semiconducting 18-electron compounds such as TiCoSb (formulated Ti$^{4+}$[CoSb]$^{4-}$). The basis for this is that [AlSi]$^-$ (with the same electron count as Si$_2$) and [CoSb]$^{4-}$ (the same electron count as GaSb), are both structurally and electronically, zinc-blende semiconductors. The electronic structure of half-metallic ferromagnets in this structure type can then be described as semiconductors with stuffing magnetic ions which have a local moment: For example, 22 electron MnNiSb can be written Mn$^{3+}$[NiSb]$^{3-}$. The tendency in the 18 electron compound for a semiconducting gap -- believed to arise from strong covalency -- is carried over in MnNiSb to a tendency for a gap in one spin direction. Here we similarly propose the systematic examination of 18-electron hexagonal compounds for semiconducting gaps; these would be the "stuffed wurtzite" analogues of the "stuffed zinc blende" half-Heusler compounds. These semiconductors could then serve as the basis for possibly new families of half-metallic compounds, attained through appropriate replacement of non-magnetic ions by magnetic ones. These semiconductors and semimetals with tunable charge carrier concentrations could also be interesting in the context of magnetoresistive and thermoelectric materials.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, of which 4 are colou

What’s on trial? The making of field experiments in international development

In the last 20 years, the drive for evidence‐based policymaking has been coupled with a concurrent push for the use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) as the “gold‐standard” for generating rigorous evidence on whether or not development interventions work. Drawing on content analysis of 63 development RCTs and 4 years of participant observation, I provide a rich description of the diverse set of actors and the transnational organizational effort required to implement development RCTs and maintain their “scientific status.” Particularly, I investigate the boundary work that proponents of RCTs—also known as randomistas—do to differentiate the purposes and merits of testing development projects from doing them, as a way to bypass the political and ethical problems presented by adopting the experimental method with foreign aid beneficiaries in poor countries. Although randomistas have been mostly successful in differentiating RCTs from the projects evaluated, I also examine cases where they were not able to do so, as a means to highlight the controversies associated with implementing RCTs in international development.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154964/1/bjos12723_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154964/2/bjos12723.pd

Integration of decision support systems to improve decision support performance

Decision support system (DSS) is a well-established research and development area. Traditional isolated, stand-alone DSS has been recently facing new challenges. In order to improve the performance of DSS to meet the challenges, research has been actively carried out to develop integrated decision support systems (IDSS). This paper reviews the current research efforts with regard to the development of IDSS. The focus of the paper is on the integration aspect for IDSS through multiple perspectives, and the technologies that support this integration. More than 100 papers and software systems are discussed. Current research efforts and the development status of IDSS are explained, compared and classified. In addition, future trends and challenges in integration are outlined. The paper concludes that by addressing integration, better support will be provided to decision makers, with the expectation of both better decisions and improved decision making processes