Urban Energy Scenario: the Case of Kathmandu Valley

Rapid urbanization has made Kathmandu Valley one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities in South Asia, resulting in the need of additional facilities and infrastructure. The local energy crisis is one of the issues to be addressed. High dependence on imported fossil fuels and the sluggish development of hydropower for electricity generation despite abundant water resources are the major causes to be blamed for the energy crisis in Nepal. This study investigated possible strategies to be implemented in Kathmandu Valley to deal with the discrepancy between energy demand and supply. Several scenarios have been developed and analyzed, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The Comprehensive Scenario, which borrowed from all other developed scenarios, seems superior to the others. It reduces the energy demand by 32.36%, the GHG emission by 44.12%, and the social cost by 33.79%. This scenario implies that the Kathmandu Valley authority will support the installation of photovoltaic solar panels, the use of electric vehicles and electric cookers, and convert solid waste into energy. However, the EV Scenario (electric vehicles) is the one to be given priority in the implementation for its better performance than the other individual scenarios

Potensi Pemanfaatan Atap Gedung untuk Plts di Kantor Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Perumahan dan Energi Sumber Daya Mineral (Pup-esdm) Provinsi Daerah Istimewa YOGYAKARTA

Electricity consumption in Indonesia from year to year has increased. The sales of PLN 2018 electricity in 234,617.88 GWh covering industrial sector, household sector, commercial sector, and public sector. While electrical energy consumption in D. I. Yogyakarta in 2018 of 2,857.06 GWh covering household sector, industrial sector, business sector, social sector, government office building sector and public street lighting. In fulfilling the demand of electrical energy, Yogyakarta installed power plant consists of PLTMH, PLTBm, PLTS and PLTHybrid with an installed capacity of 4.84 MW so that electricity in Yogyakarta is supplied from the interconnection network of Java-Madura-Bali. Energy resources used by interconnection networks generally use fossil energy (coal). Therefore we need a substitute for future fossil fuels. Utilization of renewable energy is one of the solar energy optimizations that can be applied to urban areas. The building sector consumes up to 40% of total annual energy. One of the buildings that can apply the utilization of renewable energy is the office building PUP-ESDM D. I. Yogyakarta. This research aims to know the potential power generated from the PLTS roofing if it is built on the office building Public Works, housing and Energy Mineral resources (PUP-ESDM) D. I. Yogyakarta. Research is conducted by conducting energy simulations using the HelioScope software. Simulated results show the east side of Building 1, the east side of Building 2, the east side of Building 3, the west side of Building 2 and the north side of Building 2 is the optimal location of photovoltaics. The Total energy potential generated from these five roofs is 73,484.5 kWh/year and is able to supply the energy needs of the PUP-ESDM office by 74.42%

Performance Analysis of Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine with Airfoil NACA 4412

The horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) design with low wind speed requires blade geometry selection. The analysis uses the potential flow panel method and the integral boundary layer formulation to analyze wind flow around the airfoil. The blade design with the blade element momentum (BEM) theory has an aerodynamic coefficient value along the blade. Power wind calculates to model the wind shear pressure at each blade. This research aims to determine the wind turbine rotor based on the performance, including the power coefficient, tip speed ratio, power, and rpm. The simulation uses an airfoil NACA 4412 which has optimal coefficient lift (Cl) = 1.92 at 190 pitch of angle, coefficient drag (Cd) = 0.0635 at 130 pitch angle and Cl / Cd = 155 at tilt angle = 40. Five models of 2.5 m diameter blades with different angles for each chord. The test results show that the change in the speed ratio affects the power coefficient so that the optimal power coefficient on NACA 4412 in experiment 5 is 0.56, and change in rotation per minute affects the output power so that the rotation per minute and the optimal power in experiment 4 with a value of 374 rpm and 553 W