HOW HAS COVID-19 CHANGED THE WAY HOSPITALS DELIVER CARE?

During the pandemic, healthcare facilities in Indonesia faced very vulnerable conditions. So far, dealing with the pandemic has had a significant impact on the national referral system for health services. Hospitals are the last line of defence for the increase in COVID-19 referral cases, leading to high percentage of BOR (Bed Occupancy Rate). We have selected several articles related to health services, especially hospitals, to provide perspectives and contributions to different referral health services

Arah Kebijakan Kesehatan Mental: Tren Global dan Nasional Serta Tantangan Aktual

Abstract Globally, during the last three decades, mental health has played significant role in regards to the discourse of global health policy. Since two decades ago, WHO has firmly defined health as a rounded state of condition where an individual reach “...not merely the absence of the illness, but also achievement of physical, mental and social well-being.” WHO’s definition of health implies a significant impact on global health policy – all members of states should adhere their health policy to this definition. The Global Burden of Disease study carried out by IHME (The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) in 2012 that mapped out the burden of disease around the world revealed an appalling fact namely worsened mental health condition. Years lost due to disability (YLD) study mentioned that 6 out to 20 diseases that were most responsible in causing disability were mental illnesses. Therefore, this article aimed to describe the mental illness prevalence in global and national level by reviewing several mental illness epidemiological studies. Additionally, this article highlighted some of important challenges that should be considered by healthcare service providers and policymakers in tackling mental health issues, which are treatment gap and mental health stigma. Keywords: Mental Health Policy, Global and National Prevalence, Treatment Gap Abstrak Secara global, dalam kurun waktu 30 tahun terakhir, isu mengenai kesehatan mental memainkan peran penting dalam perumusan kebijakan kesehatan global. Sejak dua dekade yang lalu, WHO mengeluarkan definisi sehat sebagai suatu kondisi dimana seorang indvidu mencapai “...tak sekedar bebas dari penyakit, melainkan mampu mencapai kesejahteraan fisik, mental dan sosial.” Definisi dari WHO tersebut berkonsekuensi besar dalam perumusan kebijakan kesehatan mental, dimana seluruh negara anggotanya harus menyandarkan garis besar kebijakan kesehatannya pada definisi ini. Studi mengenai Global Burden of Disease yang diselenggarakan oleh IHME (The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation) mengungkapkan bahwa ada tren yang menunjukkan bahwa kondisi kesehatan mental menjadi ancaman serius. Studi mengenai jumlah tahun yang hilang akibat disabilitas (YLD) menyebutkan bahwa 6 dari 20 penyakit yang paling bertanggung jawab menyebabkan disabilitas adalah penyakit mental. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan prevalensi gangguan mental dalam skup global dan nasional dengan cara meninjau beberapa riset epidemiologis yang berfokus pada gangguan mental. Selain itu, artikel ini akan membahas mengenai isu-isu penting yang merupakan tantangan bagi pelayanan kesehatan mental di Indonesia yang harus ditanggapi serius oleh penyedia layanan kesehatan mental dan pembuat kebijakan, yaitu kesenjangan perawatan dan stigma. Kata kunci: Kebijakan Kesehatan Mental, Prevalensi Global dan Nasional, Kesenjanga

DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF DOCTORS IN INDONESIA

Background: The distribution of health workers in Indonesia raises an interesting discussion since Indonesia as an archipelagic country has a wide geography and challenges for fulfilling equitable health services.Aim: This study identified factors related to the distribution of doctors in provinces of Indonesia.Methods: Advanced analysis of secondary data was done and obtained from the "Data and Information: Indonesian Health Profile in 2017". The units analyzed in this study were all 34 provinces in Indonesia. The variables analysed were the number of doctors, population, density, percentage of poor population, the number of hospitals, and the number of primary healthcare centers.Results: Variability in the number of doctors was very wide. The more the population is, the more attractive it is for doctors to conduct practices in the provinces. The denser the population are, the more doctors are interested to work in the provinces. It also figured out that doctors tend to opt to work in the provinces which have more hospitals and primary healthcare centers.Conclusions: Out of five independent variables studied, there were four variables related to the number of doctors distributed in the provinces. Population, density, the number of hospitals, and the number of primary healthcare centers were positively related to the number of doctors. The results of this study were important for doctor redistribution policy in Indonesia. Keywords: distribution analysis, doctor distribution, health resources management, health workers

Hygienic and Healthy Lifestyle in the Urban Village of Rangkah Surabaya

Background: The Surabaya City Health Office report showed, the coverage of hygienic and healthy lifestyle in 2016 was 75.07%. In Rangkah Village, a total of 2,770 (11.84%) out of 23,390 families were monitored, and as many as 1,552 of them (56.03%) had applied hygienic and healthy lifestyle. Objective: This study identified the relationship between knowledge and attitude with the implementation of clean and healthy lifestyle in Rangkah Village. Method: This study deployed quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. As many as 249 people became the sample selected by using the cluster random sampling. The independent variables were knowledge of and attitudes towards hygienic and healthy lifestyle, while the dependent variable was hygiene and healthy lifestyle. The data were then processed with SPSS to identify whether there is a relationship among the variables observed. Results: Knowledge variable obtained P value of 0.014α (0.05), suggesting that there is no relationship of attitudes with hygienic and healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: One of the factors which greatly influences hygienic and healthy lifestyle in the familiesis knowledge

PERSPEKTIF MASYARAKAT TENTANG AKSES PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

Access to health services is often seen only from the provider perspective, while from the community side as a user is less noticed. Improving the quality of health services access requires a complete perspective on two diff erent sides. This research is designed descriptively qualitative. Data were collected by Focus Group Discussion (FGD), in-depth interview and observation. The research was conducted in Malang Regency in June-August 2018. The study results showed health services access generally the community believes that there are still perceived defi ciencies. Especially on the aspect of physical access, due to poor facilities and infrastructure. In addition, social access was also considered inadequate, because there were still health workers who served with less friendly. This study concludes that people still feel access to physical and social aspects is still diffi cult. It should be recommended to the local government for eff orts to improve physical access, and the Health Offi ce to disseminate health information about the rights of patients to the community. Abstrak Akses pelayanan kesehatan seringkali dilihat hanya dari perspektif pemberi pelayanan saja, sementara akses dari sisi masyarakat sebagai pengguna kurang terperhatikan. Perbaikan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan dari sisi akses memerlukan perspektif yang lengkap dari dua sisi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini didesain secara deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan Focus Group Discussion (FGD), wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Juni–Agustus 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang ada, secara umum masyarakat berpendapat bahwa masih ada kekurangan yang dirasakan. Terutama pada aspek akses secara fisik, dikarenakan sarana dan prasarana yang kurang baik. Selain itu akses secara sosial juga dirasa kurang, karena masih ada tenaga kesehatan yang melayani dengan kurang ramah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa masyarakat masih merasa akses dari aspek fisik dan sosial masih sulit. Perlu direkomendasikan pada pemerintah daerah setempat untuk upayaperbaikan akses secara fi sik, dan Dinkes untuk mendiseminasikan informasi kesehatan mengenai hak pasien kepada masyarakat

THE INTERNET AS A HEALTH INFORMATION IN DECISION MAKING OF PREGNANT WOMEN

Background: Maternal and Child Health (MCH) is still becoming a health problem in Indonesia. One of the causes of maternal mortality is the speed of decision making in the family. Decision making is influenced by knowledge, awareness, family shape and culture in the neighborhood. Aims: the study aimed to identify and analyze the relationship between the use of the internet as a health information and maternal decision-making regarding emergency help Methods: This study used a mixed-method approach. The sample of 175 respondents. Data analysis performed in this study was frequency analysis, cross tabulation and chi-square. Results: There were 40% of respondents used the internet as a source of pregnancy information. Pregnant women had the information about pregnancy from google, instagram and whatsApp group. There were 45.70% of them have made decisions independently regarding the emergency relief. Chi-square analysis showed a p-value = “0,000” with a contingency coefficient of 0,368 indicating the use of the internet as a health information related to decision making of pregnant women regarding emergency relief. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there were pregnant women who were using the internet for health information and the majority of pregnant women had made decisions regarding emergency relief independently

Analisis Sosiogram untuk Penentuan Agen Perubahan; Studi Kasus pada Program Desa Sehat Berdaya

Program Desa Sehat Berdaya lebih menekankan pada kegiatan promotif dan preventif yang berorientasi menjaga dan meningkatkan status kesehatan masyarakat di desa dengan pendekatan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dalam pelaksanaannya, program ini perlu untuk mengidentifikasi Agen Perubahan, agar program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dijalankan dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan diterima oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran proses penentuan agen perubahan melalui sosiogram. Penelitian didesain secara kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam. Selama pengumpulan data peneliti tinggal dan berbaur dengan masyarakat selama 3 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga desa wilayah Kecamatan Kalipare. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa agen perubahan yang terpilih dari ragam latar belakang yang berbeda. Di Desa Sumber Petung terpilih seorang mantan lurah, Desa Arjosari terpilih seorang tenaga kesehatan, dan Desa Kali Asri terpilih seorang ketua Penggerak PKK. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa agen perubahan dapat ditentukan dengan bantuan analisis sosiogram. Analisis sosiogram menentukan agen perubahan bisa dengan latar belakang tokoh yang sangat berbeda, semuanya ditentukan berdasar pada penerimaan masyarakat sebagai sasaran

FGD Dalam Penelitian Kesehatan

Sebagai salah satu metode dalam pengumpulan data secara kualitatif -- meski dalam pelaksanaannya harus digabung dengan metode pengumpulan data lainnya -- FGD mempunyai peranan penting dalam bidang kesehatan. FGD mampu menjawab beberapa hal yang tidak bisa didapatkan apabila kita hanya mengandalkan metode kuantitatif. Membaca dan memahami buku ini sangat mudah, karena penulis sengaja menyusun lebih seperti tutorial yang akan membimbing secara langkah demi langkah para peneliti yang hendak melaksanakan FGD. Sekaligus pada bagian akhir disediakan contoh panduan untuk pelaksanaannya. Buku ini merupakan kolaborasi dari peneliti dan akademisi dari beberapa perguruan tinggi. Dengan banyaknya peneliti dan akademisi yang terlibat, diharapkan materi dalam buku ini semakin lengkap dan memenuhi harapan para peneliti lain yang hendak mempergunakan FGD sebagai salah satu metode pengumpulan datan dalam penelitiannya. Sebagai sebuah pengetahuan yang terus berkembang, penulis sangat menyadari bahwa sebagai metode pengumpulan data, FGD masih akan perlu untuk terus disempurnakan. Untuk itu saran dan kritik membangun tetap diperlukan untuk penyempurnaan buku ini pada edisi-edisi berikutnya. Penulis berharap, penerbitan buku ini mampu mengisi kekosongan pustaka tentang FGD dalam Bahasa Indonesia yang dirasakan sangat kurang pada saat ini. Semoga buku yang telah disusun ini bisa memberikan manfaat bagi seluruh pembaca

The maternal referral mobile application system for minimizing the risk of childbirth

Background: The maternal mortality rate in Surabaya is still quite high due to ineffectice referral health systems. Primary Health Care (PHC) has difficulty referring patients to hospitals which have available resources. The purpose of this study is to develop a mobile app system framework for the maternal referral system. Design and Methods: This study was developed based on the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with midwives, doctors and primary health care heads about the referral system regulation in Surabaya City. Results: A mobile app system can be used to communicate patients’ conditions to the hospital. The hospital then will refer back to the PHC as a home care service after the birth. This mobile app has gone through a trial and a development process; it is currently in the process of structuring the mobile app based on the bugs that occur in the system. Conclusions: This mobile app still needs development, especially in minimizing system bugs, and providing faster, more accurate communication