1,780 research outputs found
Microdeflectometry - a novel tool to acquire 3D microtopography with nanometer height resolution
We introduce "microdeflectometry", a novel technique for measuring the
microtopography of specular surfaces. The primary data is the local slope of
the surface under test. Measuring the slope instead of the height implies high
information efficiency and extreme sensitivity to local shape irregularities.
The lateral resolution can be better than one micron whereas the resulting
height resolution is in the range of one nanometer. Microdeflectometry can be
supplemented by methods to expand the depth of field, with the potential to
provide quantitative 3D imaging with SEM-like features.Comment: 3 pages, 11 figures, latex, zip-file, accepted for publication at
Optics Letter
Operation Mercury, the Invasion of Crete
This article is a very brief version of a 320 page book based on sources and publications in English, Greek, French and German from all countries which were involved in the Battle for Crete during the Second World War. It analyses and explains the reasons why the defenders lost despite information provided by ULTRA about the plans of the attackers and both far higher numbers and heavy weapons
New Procedures for Uranium Isotope Ratio Measurements using the Triton Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer
In February 2004 the new Triton Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer from Thermo Electron has been installed at IRMM. For uranium isotope ratio measurements on the Triton at IRMM two basic techniques have been introduced and validated, namely the MTE- (¿Modified Total Evaporation¿) and the HI (¿High Intensity¿) techniques. The performance of these techniques is considered excellent for uranium isotope ration measurements to be performed at IRMM. Data obtained for the IRMM-183-187 series will be used to recertify the minor uranium ratios for these well know reference materialsJRC.D.4-Isotope measurement
Optical Readout in a Multi-Module System Test for the ATLAS Pixel Detector
The innermost part of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, CERN, will be a pixel
detector. The command messages and the readout data of the detector are
transmitted over an optical data path. The readout chain consists of many
components which are produced at several locations around the world, and must
work together in the pixel detector. To verify that these parts are working
together as expected a system test has been built up. In this paper the system
test setup and the operation of the readout chain is described. Also, some
results of tests using the final pixel detector readout chain are given.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figures, Pixel 2005 proceedings preprin
Linear independence of localized magnon states
At the magnetic saturation field, certain frustrated lattices have a class of
states known as "localized multi-magnon states" as exact ground states. The
number of these states scales exponentially with the number of spins and
hence they have a finite entropy also in the thermodynamic limit
provided they are sufficiently linearly independent. In this article we present
rigorous results concerning the linear dependence or independence of localized
magnon states and investigate special examples. For large classes of spin
lattices including what we called the orthogonal type and the isolated type as
well as the kagom\'{e}, the checkerboard and the star lattice we have proven
linear independence of all localized multi-magnon states. On the other hand the
pyrochlore lattice provides an example of a spin lattice having localized
multi-magnon states with considerable linear dependence.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure
Certification Report of EQRAIN Plutonium - Program N° 10
The EQRAIN Plutonium N° 10 is an evaluation program set up by CEA/CETAMA in order to evaluate the quality of results from nuclear measurement laboratories. The objective of this programme is to determine the plutonium concentration of a plutonium nitrate solution. Three ampoules were sent to each participant.
At the IM/nuclear group, it was decided to analyse both of the EQRAIN N° 10 samples, H53 and H91. The results of this exercise would possibly enable us to identify problems occuring during the handling and measurements by mass spectrometric isotope dilution analysis (IDMS) of Pu.
The evaluation of the mass-spectrometry analysis as part of this program could indicate unexplained processes such as the behaviour of the fractionation factor and outlier results not identified during measurements.JRC.D.4-Isotope measurement
The awareness of the scared - context dependent influence of oxytocin on brain function
Oxytocin is both a hormone and a neurotransmitter and has been originally recognized for its role in childbirth and lactation. Later, it became widely known as a "cuddle hormone" that induces trusting behavior towards strangers and reduces social stress and anxiety. Several studies showed that oxytocin influences empathic behavior and has prosocial effects. The anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insula are brain regions that are active when humans observe fear in others. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether oxytocin administration affects activity in these regions depending on whether a threat is directed at another person (empathy) compared to when the threat is directed at the subject itself (fear). Our findings demonstrate increased anterior cingulate cortex activation after oxytocin administration in the fear, but not in the empathy condition. Furthermore, oxytocin administration was associated with deceased anterior insula activity in the empathy condition. However, our findings do not support the idea that oxytocin generally augments activity in brain regions associated with empathy. Thereby this study supports current research questioning that oxytocin has exclusively prosocial effects on human behavior. Rather, the effect of oxytocin depends on various contextual (e.g. presence of a familiar person) and interindividual (e.g. sex, mental disorder) factors. Therefore, to consider oxytocin an empathy inducing hormone is an oversimplification and future research should focus on factors moderating oxytocin effects
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