Determination and Occurrence of Phenoxyacetic Acid Herbicides and Their Transformation Products in Groundwater Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

This research is funded by the National Development Plan, through the Research Stimulus Fund, administered by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (RS-544) and the Teagasc Walsh Fellowship Scheme.peer-reviewedA sensitive method was developed and validated for ten phenoxyacetic acid herbicides, six of their main transformation products (TPs) and two benzonitrile TPs in groundwater. The parent compounds mecoprop, mecoprop-p, 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, triclopyr, fluroxypr, bromoxynil, bentazone, and 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (TBA) are included and a selection of their main TPs: phenoxyacetic acid (PAC), 2,4,5-trichloro-phenol (TCP), 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (4C2MP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (T2P), and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BrAC), as well as the dichlobenil TPs 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) and 3,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (DBA) which have never before been determined in Irish groundwater. Water samples were analysed using an efficient ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method in an 11.9 min separation time prior to detection by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The limit of detection (LOD) of the method ranged between 0.00008 and 0.0047 µg·L−1 for the 18 analytes. All compounds could be detected below the permitted limits of 0.1 µg·L−1 allowed in the European Union (EU) drinking water legislation [1]. The method was validated according to EU protocols laid out in SANCO/10232/2006 with recoveries ranging between 71% and 118% at the spiked concentration level of 0.06 µg·L−1. The method was successfully applied to 42 groundwater samples collected across several locations in Ireland in March 2012 to reveal that the TPs PAC and 4C2MP were detected just as often as their parent active ingredients (a.i.) in groundwater

Effect of wearing masks in the hospital on patient-provider interaction: “They (providers) need to stay safe for their family and keep us safe.”

Since March 2020 when the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was widespread in the U.S., masks became a primary form of protection for healthcare workers when caring for patients. While wearing masks was not a new phenomenon in the health field, there is little known on how the use of them affects the patient-provider relationship. This study explored the experience of wearing masks on the patient-provider relationship in the hospital. This qualitative study involved interviews with both providers and patients at an academic hospital in the Midwest. At the time of this study, in July 2021, hospital policy required all healthcare providers and staff to wear surgical masks with patients, but patients were not required to wear masks while in their rooms. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed; they were coded using MAXQDA. Nine patients and nine providers took part in interviews. There were 4 women and 5 men in each group. The primary benefit of mask-wearing identified by both groups was safety and protection from disease. Connection with patients was a major theme as well. Providers adapted to try to improve connection in four primary ways: showing the patient their face, speaking loudly and clearly, spending additional time with patients, and being more expressive. It was also reassuring that safety was one of the main themes and encouraging that masks were not a substantial barrier to communication with patients. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Staff & Provider Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

Interacting with the piano

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (By Research Publications) and awarded by Brunel University.Several performances relating to this thesis will shortly be made available for viewing from this page. Publication 8 has been published by New Interfaces for Musical Expression as a conference article in the proceedings of NIME'09, pages 203-206. Publication 9 has been published by MIT Press, Boston as a journal article in the Leonardo Music Journal, volume 20, pages 47-55. Both articles can be viewed from the links below.This thesis explores the expansion of the piano performance environment, using technology to augment the sound, the playing area of the piano and its surroundings, and/or the performer's own body in controlling electronic elements of the music. In particular I examine the extension of piano technique and how this is affected by adding technology. I also discuss collaborative compositional processes in creating co-authored musical works and have given a critical appraisal of the different technological systems used in all of these pieces. I have also introduced ideas about developing the structure of the piano to better suit contemporary techniques and the addition of technological elements in piano playing. These ideas are represented by my own "Inside-out Piano", illustrated within the thesis. Throughout this work many new pieces for piano and live electronics have been generated and I hope these may also be useful as a resource for other pianists exploring their own interactions with the piano

Effect of wearing masks in the hospital on patient-provider interaction: “They (providers) need to stay safe for their family and keep us safe.”

Since March 2020 when the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic was widespread in the U.S., masks became a primary form of protection for healthcare workers when caring for patients. While wearing masks was not a new phenomenon in the health field, there is little known on how the use of them affects the patient-provider relationship. This study explored the experience of wearing masks on the patient-provider relationship in the hospital. This qualitative study involved interviews with both providers and patients at an academic hospital in the Midwest. At the time of this study, in July 2021, hospital policy required all healthcare providers and staff to wear surgical masks with patients, but patients were not required to wear masks while in their rooms. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed; they were coded using MAXQDA. Nine patients and nine providers took part in interviews. There were 4 women and 5 men in each group. The primary benefit of mask-wearing identified by both groups was safety and protection from disease. Connection with patients was a major theme as well. Providers adapted to try to improve connection in four primary ways: showing the patient their face, speaking loudly and clearly, spending additional time with patients, and being more expressive. It was also reassuring that safety was one of the main themes and encouraging that masks were not a substantial barrier to communication with patients

Can specific feedback improve patients’ satisfaction with hospitalist physicians? A feasibility study using a validated tool to assess inpatient satisfaction

The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is a patient satisfaction survey utilized for hospital reimbursement calculations. It is not, however, considered a valid measure of individual physician performance. The object of this study was to determine if the “Tool to Assess Inpatient Satisfaction with Care from Hospitalists” (TAISCH) instrument could be leveraged to improve patient satisfaction. A pragmatic pre/post study was conducted with adult inpatients admitted to either teaching or non-teaching general internal medicine services at a large mid-western academic medical center. TAISCH surveys were administered to patients (n=192) who were able to identify their hospitalist provider by name or photograph. An intervention consisting of performance cards (n=20) and group reflection sessions (n=13) was carried out. Pre- and post-intervention TAISCH surveys were administered over a period of approximately 18 months. Coinciding pre- and post-intervention HCAHPS scores were also collected. The results show physicians received significantly higher scores following the intervention on “checking for understanding” (4.63 vs. 4.82, p=0.026) and “confidence in provider” (4.45 vs. 4.64, p=0.048). Pre- and post-intervention HCAHPS “Top Box” scores were no different for any of the three doctor communication questions (explain p=0.086, listen p=0.19, courtesy and respect p=0.19). The TAISCH survey, while providing feedback that is more detailed, actionable, and individually attributable than the HCAHPS, is time and resource intensive and appears to be insufficient in isolation to improve patient perceptions of their hospitalist physician

Are We Really Listening? A Program to Assess and Mitigate Systemic Factors Contributing to Clinician Burnout

Background: Many US physicians are experiencing burnout affecting patient care quality, safety, and experience. Institutions often focus on personal resilience instead of system-level issues. Our leaders developed a novel process to identify and prioritize key system-related stressors and work to mitigate factors that negatively impact clinician wellbeing through a structured Listening Campaign. Methods: The Listening Campaign consists of meeting with each clinician group leader, a group Listening Session, a follow up meeting with the leader, a final report, and a follow-up session. During the Listening Session, clinicians engage in open discussion about what is going well, complete individual reflection worksheets and identify one “wish” to improve their professional satisfaction. Participants rate these wishes to assist with prioritization. Results: As of January 2020, over 200 clinicians participated in 20 listening sessions. One-hundred twenty-two participants completed a survey; 80% stated they benefited from participation and 83% would recommend it to others. Conclusion: Collecting feedback from clinicians on their experience provides guidance for leaders in prioritizing initiatives and opportunities to connect clinicians to organizational resources. A Listening Campaign is a tool recommended for healthcare systems to elicit clinician perspectives and communicate efforts to address systemic factors

Primers for Castilleja and their Utility Across Orobanchaceae: II. Single‐copy nuclear loci

Premise of the study: We developed primers targeting nuclear loci in Castilleja with the goal of reconstructing the evolutionary history of this challenging clade. These primers were tested across other major clades in Orobanchaceae to assess their broader utility.Methods and Results: We assembled low-coverage genomes for three taxa in Castilleja and developed primer combinations for the single-copy conserved ortholog set (COSII) and the pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) gene family. These primer combinations were designed to take advantage of the Fluidigm microfluidic PCR platform and are well suited for high-throughput sequencing applications. Eighty-seven primers were designed for Castilleja, and 27 were found to have broader utility in Orobanchaceae.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the utility of these primers, not only across Castilleja, but for other lineages within Orobanchaceae as well. This expanded molecular toolkit will be an asset to future phylogenetic studies in Castilleja and throughout Orobanchaceae

3-D kinematic comparison of treadmill and overground running.

Studies investigating the mechanics of human movement are often conducted using the treadmill. The treadmill is an attractive device for the analysis of human locomotion. Studies comparing overground and treadmill running have analyzed discrete variables, however differences in excursion from footstrike to peak angle and range of motion during stance have yet to be examined. This study aimed to examine the 3-D kinematics of the lower extremities during overground and treadmill locomotion to determine the extent to which the two modalities differ. Twelve participants ran at 4.0m/s in both treadmill and overground conditions. 3-D angular kinematic parameters during the stance phase were collected using an eight camera motion analysis system. Hip, knee and ankle joint kinematics were quantified in the sagittal, coronal and transverse planes, then compared using paired t-tests. Of the parameters analyzed hip flexion at footstrike 12° hip range of motion 17°, peak hip flexion 12.7°, hip transverse plane range of motion 8° peak knee flexion 5° and peak ankle excursion range 6.6°, coronal plane ankle angle at toe-off 6.5° and peak ankle eversion 6.3° were found to be significantly different. These results lead to the conclusion that the mechanics of treadmill locomotion cannot be generalized to overground