Solar Cells for Ecological Sustainable Development: A Review

Solar energy is considered an environmentally friendly and never-ending renewable source of energy. Solar cells are an essential component of ecological sustainability. This energy can be harnessed for generating electricity without any pollutants even in remote areas. This renewable source of energy has been used to eliminate fossil sources. Through the photovoltaic effect, solar energy is transformed into electrical energy in a solar cell. Engineers and scientists are constantly working to improve solar cell efficiency, lower their cost, and develop technologies that maximize the quantity of sunshine turned into electrical power. These efforts culminate into four generations of solar cells – first, second, third, and fourth generations. Various models have been utilized to conceptually analyze solar cells, which is also beneficial to improve the solar cell's performance. In this study, advancement in the generations of solar cells, their types, manufacturing processes, various models, and future aspects have been discussed

Necessity of Soft Skills for Project Managers and the Contribution to Project Success

Project managers use hard and soft skills to manage their teams, and their proficiency or inaptitude in these skills can eventually lead to a project’s success or failure. This dissertation argues that soft skills are critical for project managers who wish to achieve a successful project completion. The key focus of this research is to explore the need for soft skills and identify whether they are essential for project managers, and the degree of influence these skills may have on a project’s team members and overall project success. This thesis is presented in publication/manuscript format. A qualitative–interpretative approach has been used, where a combination of analytical methods, such as thematic analysis and narratives, were adopted as a form of evidence supporting this research. The research process and detailed findings have been divided into four papers, meeting the University’s publication/manuscript submission requirements. Firstly, in paper one a Comprehensive Literature Review (meta-framework) has been conducted as evidence to support the argument that project managers could increase the chances of projects being successful by applying their soft skills to manage their project team and overall performance. The second paper defines the skills required to become a project leader and, most importantly, differentiates the role of a project manager from that of a project leader—labels that are often used interchangeably or considered the same in practice. The evidence for the second paper is derived from interviews and a thematic analysis. The findings demonstrate that a project manager could evolve into a project leader by building the soft skills related to Emotional Quotient (EQ). The third paper, which also uses thematic analysis and an inductive approach for data collection, identifies the impact of the project manager’s soft skills on the project team’s performance and how it may influence the chances of the project being successful. The findings of this paper indicate that a project manager’s soft skills can positively impact a project team’s performance and thereby increase the chances of a project’s success. This paper also identifies the key soft skills required by a project manager to effectively manage their team. Lastly, the fourth paper, which is a future research exploration using Gioia methodology, focuses on exploring the value of intangible (soft skills) investments to aid successful digital transformation in organisations. The findings of this paper present the essential soft skills required by a project manager dealing with digital transformation projects and identifies the factors which motivate project managers to implement their soft skills. The results of this research provide a significant contribution to the field of project management, specifically for project managers, academia, and recruiters. For project managers, the findings could aid with identifying key soft skills which they could develop over time to better manage their teams and their performance. It would also assist project managers to manage their project teams efficiently and effectively, thereby increasing the chances of project success. Concerning academia, the research could help program leaders to identify and develop training programs and activities that can be incorporated into the current curriculum which would help students to identify their soft skills and develop them for use in a corporate environment. Recruiters could use this research to identify more suitable candidates for project management and project leader positions, based on the identified skill sets for both.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Business School, 202

Study of relationship between serum magnesium and carotid atherosclerosis in hemodialysis versus non-hemodialysis dependent CKD patients

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in CKD mainly due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Mg2+ possesses an anti-atherosclerotic effect, because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Mg2+ deficiency promotes hydroxyapatite formation and calcification of VSMC thus leading to accelerated plaque formation. To evaluate relationship between serum Mg2+ level and atherosclerotic changes in CKD patients who are hemodialysis dependent versus who have not undergone hemodialysis. Methods: This hospital based observational cross-sectional study has been carried out in Department of K.P.S Institute of Medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur.58 subjects (29 being dialysis dependent and other 29 who have not undergone dialysis sessions yet. All the subjects underwent routine tests and intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery was measured via Doppler study. Results: In our study the mean value of Mg was 2.25 mg/dl + 0.81 with 17 patients had hypomagnesemia. IMT of carotid artery with a mean value of 0.91mm + 0.24, was found to be increased in 16 patients, these were the patients who were on hemodialysis and had lower magnesium levels. Serum Mg2+ was negatively correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.677 and -0.704) with CIMT with statistical significance as (P<0.001) , only in patients who have underwent series of hemodialysis sessions. Conclusions: We concluded that serum Mg might be considered as a modifiable risk factor of atherosclerosis (and thus, cardiovascular mortality) in Hemodialysis dependent CKD patients

Comparison of ovarian crescent sign and risk of malignancy index for prediction of ovarian malignancy in adnexal masses

Background: Objective of the study was to evaluate ovarian crescent sign (OCS) as a sonographic parameter for prediction of ovarian cancer in adnexal masses suspicious of ovarian malignancy and to compare it with risk of malignancy index (RMI).Methods: Presence of OCS and calculation of RMI was done for 50 cases of adnexal masses scheduled to undergo surgery taking histopathology as gold standard.Results: 18% (9/50) of adnexal masses were malignant. OCS was absent in all malignant lesions, giving a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100%. OCS was present in 33/41 of benign masses (specificity 80.4%). Relation of OCS to mass size<10 cm and menopausal status was significant (p<0.001). RMI≥200 could not diagnose malignancy in 4/9 cases (sensitivity 55.5%). RMI had specificity and negative predictive value of 95.1% and 90.7% respectively. Combining OCS and RMI had a lower specificity. Sequential application using OCS as first node and RMI as second node failed to diagnose 44.4% (4/9) cases as malignant.Conclusions: OCS is cheaper, easy to perform and appears to be a better test than RMI to differentiate between benign and early-stage malignant ovarian tumors. It can be used for triaging patient for referral

Clinical Characteristics of Tuberculosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in North Indian Population of HIV/AIDS Patients Receiving HAART

Background & Objective. IRIS is an important complication that occurs during management of HIV-TB coinfection and it poses difficulty in diagnosis. Previous studies have reported variable incidence of IRIS. The present study was undertaken to describe the pattern of TB-associated IRIS using recently proposed consensus case-definitions for TB-IRIS for its use in resource-limited settings. Methods. A prospective analysis of ART-naïve adults started on HAART from November, 2008 to May, 2010 was done in a tertiary care hospital in north India. A total 224 patients divided into two groups, one with HIV-TB and the other with HIV alone, were followedup for a minimum period of 3 months. The diagnosis of TB was categorised as ‘‘definitive” and ‘‘probable”. Results. Out of a total of 224 patients, 203 completed followup. Paradoxical TB-IRIS occurred in 5 of 123 (4%) HIV-TB patients while 6 of 80 (7.5%) HIV patients developed ART-associated TB. A reduction in plasma viral load was significantly (P = .016) associated with paradoxical TB-IRIS. No identifiable risk factors were associated with the development of ART-associated TB. Conclusion. The consensus case-definitions are useful tools in the diagnosis of TB-associated IRIS. High index of clinical suspicion is required for an early diagnosis

Prospecting the theragnostic potential of the psycho-neuro-endocrinological perturbation of the gut-brain-immune axis for improving cardiovascular diseases outcomes

Biological derivatives and their effective influence on psychological parameters are increasingly being deciphered to better understand body-mind perspectives in health. Recent evidence suggests that the gut-brain immune axis is an attractive theragnostic target due to its innate capacity to excite the immune system by activating monocyte exosomes. These exosomes induce spontaneous alterations in the microRNAs within the brain endothelial cells, resulting in an acute inflammatory response with physiological and psychological sequelae, evidenced by anxiety and depression. Exploring the role of the stress models that influence anxiety and depression may reflect on the effect and role of exosomes, shedding light on various physiological responses that explain the contributing factors of cardiovascular disorders. The pathophysiological effects of gut-microbiome dysbiosis are further accentuated by alterations in the glucose metabolism, leading to type 2 diabetes, which is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the role of exosomes and their implications for cell-to-cell communication, inflammatory responses, and neuronal stress reactions can easily provide insight into the gut-brain immune axis and downstream cardiovascular sequelae

Exosomal microRNAs in breast cancer: towards theranostic applications

Breast cancer is one of the top two reproductive cancers responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality among women globally. Despite the advancements in the treatment of breast cancer, its early diagnosis remains a challenge. Recent evidence indicates that despite the adroit use of numerous strategies to facilitate rapid and precision-oriented screening of breast cancer at the community level through the use of mammograms, Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and biomarker tracking, no strategy has been unequivocally accepted as a gold standard for facilitating rapid screening for disease. This necessitates the need to identify novel strategies for the detection and triage of breast cancer lesions at higher rates of specificity, and sensitivity, whilst taking into account the epidemiologic and social-demographic features of the patients. Recent shreds of evidence indicate that exosomes could be a robust source of biomaterial for the rapid screening of breast cancer due to their high stability and their presence in body fluids. Increasing evidence indicates that the Exosomal microRNAs- play a significant role in modifying the tumour microenvironment of breast cancers, thereby potentially aiding in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of ExomiRs in the tumour microenvironment in breast cancer. These ExomiRs can also be used as candidate biomarkers for facilitating rapid screening and triaging of breast cancer patients for clinical intervention

Association of the PHACTR1/EDN1 genetic locus with spontaneous coronary artery dissection

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) afflicting predominantly younger to middle-aged women. Observational studies have reported a high prevalence of extracoronary vascular anomalies, especially fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and a low prevalence of coincidental cases of atherosclerosis. PHACTR1/EDN1 is a genetic risk locus for several vascular diseases, including FMD and coronary artery disease, with the putative causal noncoding variant at the rs9349379 locus acting as a potential enhancer for the endothelin-1 (EDN1) gene. Objectives: This study sought to test the association between the rs9349379 genotype and SCAD. Methods: Results from case control studies from France, United Kingdom, United States, and Australia were analyzed to test the association with SCAD risk, including age at first event, pregnancy-associated SCAD (P-SCAD), and recurrent SCAD. Results: The previously reported risk allele for FMD (rs9349379-A) was associated with a higher risk of SCAD in all studies. In a meta-analysis of 1,055 SCAD patients and 7,190 controls, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 to 1.86) per copy of rs9349379-A. In a subset of 491 SCAD patients, the OR estimate was found to be higher for the association with SCAD in patients without FMD (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.53 to 2.33) than in SCAD cases with FMD (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.99). There was no effect of genotype on age at first event, P-SCAD, or recurrence. Conclusions: The first genetic risk factor for SCAD was identified in the largest study conducted to date for this condition. This genetic link may contribute to the clinical overlap between SCAD and FMD

Health, education, and social care provision after diagnosis of childhood visual disability

Aim: To investigate the health, education, and social care provision for children newly diagnosed with visual disability.Method: This was a national prospective study, the British Childhood Visual Impairment and Blindness Study 2 (BCVIS2), ascertaining new diagnoses of visual impairment or severe visual impairment and blindness (SVIBL), or equivalent vi-sion. Data collection was performed by managing clinicians up to 1-year follow-up, and included health and developmental needs, and health, education, and social care provision.Results: BCVIS2 identified 784 children newly diagnosed with visual impairment/SVIBL (313 with visual impairment, 471 with SVIBL). Most children had associated systemic disorders (559 [71%], 167 [54%] with visual impairment, and 392 [84%] with SVIBL). Care from multidisciplinary teams was provided for 549 children (70%). Two-thirds (515) had not received an Education, Health, and Care Plan (EHCP). Fewer children with visual impairment had seen a specialist teacher (SVIBL 35%, visual impairment 28%, χ2p < 0.001), or had an EHCP (11% vs 7%, χ2p < 0 . 01).Interpretation: Families need additional support from managing clinicians to access recommended complex interventions such as the use of multidisciplinary teams and educational support. This need is pressing, as the population of children with visual impairment/SVIBL is expected to grow in size and complexity.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Using.NET Framework 4.0

Abstract-T As we know that we are living in internet era &amp; internet is playing important role in each area such like education, industries, offices, researchers. Now days most of organization use web application to work, so they can integrate multiple offices in simple and easy way. We can see the most of education institute like school, college are managing their data using web application even results are also available on internet. These recent grow of users of internet are from county of asia &amp; Africa. The major problems of counties are that they have large number of users but they are slow internet speed compare to other part of world. So these counties should focus on method which can work on slow internet speed. You can insert data to database via following ways 1. One tier architecture 2. Two tier architecture 3. Three tier architecture. Index Terms- one tier architecture, two tier architecture, three tier architecture, asp.net, framework 4.