Logic circuit detects both present and missing negative pulses in superimposed wave trains

Pulse divide and determination network provides a logical determination of pulse presence within a data train. The network uses digital logic circuitry to divide positive and negative pulses, to shape the separated pulses, and to determine, by means of coincidence logic, if negative pulses are missing from the pulse train

Cryogenic storage system Patent

Cryogenic storage system for gases onboard spacecraf

Data compression system

A data compression system is described in which TV PCM data for each line scan is received in the form of a succession of multibit pixel words. All or selected bits of each word are compressed by providing difference values between successive pixel words and coding the difference values of a selected number of pixel words forming a block into a fundamental sequence (FS). The FS, based on its length and the number of words per block, is either transmitted as the compressed data or is used to generate a code FS or its complement is used to generate a code FS bar. When the code FS is generated, its length is compared with the original block PCM and only if the former is the shorter of the two is the code transmitted. Selected bits per pixel word may be compressed, while the remaining bits may be transmitted directly, or some of them may be omitted altogether

Dynamics of exploding magma chambers: Implications for K-T volcanism and mass extinctions

Although it is well known that unconfined chemical explosives may yield pressures to several megabars on detonation in air, the explosive literature has yet to be accessed by some contributors to the volcanological literature who've indicated that pressures in excess of the overburden and/or tensile cannot be obtained. Idealized ballistic assessments of pressures internal to volcanoes yield pressures in the hundreds of kilobar range upon correction by addition of friction, etc. Previous assessments of exploding magma chamber pressure have been made from the characteristics of the Mt. St. Helens explosion. A variety of methods yield pressures of similar value: at least hundreds of kilobars. Such results are consistent with free energy requirements for quench supersaturation explosion, a process occurring in solidifying industrial melts. Several reviews of geochemical literature emphasize the carbon event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary as being an indicator of a massive dump of CO2 derived from the mantle and entering the atmosphere by extensive global volcanism. Oxygen isotope data indicates extreme warming at the end of the Cretaceous which is consistent with a greenhouse effect attending the CO2 event. Reaction rate equations for the quench supersaturation explosion mechanism indicated, are consistent with the rise in pressure to 30 kbar on solidification of magmatic melts, these pressures limited by the strength of the experimental apparatus

Mission science value-cost savings from the Advanced Imaging Communication System (AICS)

An Advanced Imaging Communication System (AICS) was proposed in the mid-1970s as an alternative to the Voyager data/communication system architecture. The AICS achieved virtually error free communication with little loss in the downlink data rate by concatenating a powerful Reed-Solomon block code with the Voyager convolutionally coded, Viterbi decoded downlink channel. The clean channel allowed AICS sophisticated adaptive data compression techniques. Both Voyager and the Galileo mission have implemented AICS components, and the concatenated channel itself is heading for international standardization. An analysis that assigns a dollar value/cost savings to AICS mission performance gains is presented. A conservative value or savings of $3 million for Voyager,$4.5 million for Galileo, and as much as $7 to 9.5 million per mission for future projects such as the proposed Mariner Mar 2 series is shown

The code word Wiggle - TV data compression

Information preserving data compression systems with coding algorithm developed for noiseless channel condition

RPV application of a globally adaptive rate controlled compressor

A globally adaptive image compression structure is introduced for use in a tactical RPV environment. The structure described would provide an operator with the flexibility to dynamically maximize the usefulness of a limited and changing data rate. The concepts would potentially simplify system design while at the same time improving overall system performance

An air-bearing weight offload system for ground test of heavy LSS structures

The capability and use of the Gravity Offload Facility (GOF) are discussed. Briefly explained are the: truss and base casting; carriage assembly; carriage weldment; vertical lift axis control; lifting cylinder; payload gimbal; motion base layout; and control processor

Principles Of Differentiation And Morphogenesis

Developmental biology is the science connecting genetics with anatomy, making sense out of both. The body builds itself from the instructions of the inherited DNA and the cytoplasmic system that interprets the DNA into genes and creates intracellular and cellular networks to generation the observable phenotype. Even ecological factors such as diet and stress may modify the DNA such that different phenotypes can be constructed from the same DNA. During the past two decades, the basic principles of development have become known; although this brief chapter cannot do them justice (see, for example, Gilbert, 2013), they cover the following: mechanisms of differential gene expression; combinatorial logic of enhancers and promoters; signal-transduction pathways linking cell membrane and nucleus; mechanisms by which syndromes occur; the repertoire of morphogenetic interactions and the molecules causing them; environmental agents of phenotype production