European corn borer: a multiple-crop pest in Missouri (2022)

Original authors: Michael L. Boyd and Wayne C. Bailey (State Extension Entomology Specialists)"The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) was first observed in the United States near Boston in 1917, and by the 1940s it had migrated into Missouri."--Page 1.Revised by Kevin Rice (Department of Plant Sciences). Original authors: Michael L. Boyd and Wayne C. Bailey (State Extension Entomology Specialists).Includes bibliographical reference

Southwestern corn borer management in Missouri (2022)

Original authors: Michael L. Boyd and Wayne C. Bailey (State Extension Entomology Specialists). The authors wish to thank G. Michael Chippendale (Professor, MU Department of Entomology) and Armon J. Keaster (Professor Emeritus, MU Department of Entomology) for their comments and suggestions of earlier drafts of this publication. We also wish to recognize their many years of research on southwestern corn borer biology and management, and their service to MU and Missouri corn producers."This insect overwinters as a full-grown larva at the base of the corn stalk. The dull white moths with their prominent, snoutlike mouthparts (Figure 1, left) do not feed and prefer to rest during daylight hours on corn plants or border vegetation. After female moths emerge and mate in mid- to late May, they lay their eggs singly or in small masses (3 to 5 eggs per mass) at night. Eggs are usually deposited on the upper leaf surface, and the eggs of the second generation are deposited at the ear zone or a node above or below the ear. A female moth is capable of laying 100 to 400 eggs in her short lifespan (approximately 5 days). Eggs are initially creamy white but develop three red transverse bars within 36 hours of being laid, and these bars remain until the larva's emergence (approximately 5 days)."--Page 1.Revised by Kevin Rice (Department of Plant Sciences). Original authors: Michael L. Boyd and Wayne C. Bailey (State Extension Entomology Specialists)

Psychology\u27s Ontology as Antinomy

The field of psychology has historically been fragmented in terms of what the discipline takes to be the ontological makeup of psychological phenomena, resulting in an unsatisfactory disunity within the discipline’s intra/interdisciplinary cohesiveness as a science of mental health/illness.2 The present project argues that this disunity can framed within the implacable empirical debate between naturalists and non-naturalists concerning the metaphysical status of consciousness (the very thing that experiences such phenomena). In offering a way past this explanatory impasse, I contend that a path towards discerning a unified ontology for psychology can be discerned in understanding consciousness’s ontological status as a philosophical antinomy. The notion of an antinomy is given to us by the philosopher Immanuel Kant, wherein it denotes a rationally paradoxical conclusion that emerges in explanation wherever there is an opposition of facts (or beliefs) between which the respective opposites are both simultaneously true even though their opposition makes them prima facie incompatible. Kant understood such antinomies as inevitable within our understanding of the world, and upon reflecting on the logic of how antinomies are produced and persist, Kant argued that we disclose a deeper logic within the dialectal schema of meaning and knowledge that can meaningfully explain and conceptually reconcile such paradoxes. It is in framing the naturalism vs. non-naturalism debate over consciousness as antinomic from which I aim to argue that a logically unified ontology for psychology can be discerned beyond the field’s present state of fragmentation that unreflectively pits empirical hypothesis against empirical hypothesis without assessing the underlying conceptual scheme within which psychological hypotheses and data can be said to have meaning. Such a dialectical approach ultimately indicates us towards a rethinking of modern psychological theory, to which I advocate psychology’s application of the dialectical strategies of Georg Hegel as a guide to understanding the logical geography in which our theories of mental health and dysfunction inform therapy methods within a unified ontological understanding of psychology’s content

Blister beetle management in alfalfa

Original authors: Wayne C. Bailey and Wilbur R. Enns (Department of Entomology), Wayne Loch (Department of Animal Sciences)"In Missouri, blister beetles are an infrequent pest of alfalfa. When present in sufficient numbers, however, the consequences can be serious. These insects cause only limited plant damage to alfalfa and soybeans. But when ingested by livestock, especially horses, the animals may become sick and even die. These insects produce a highly toxic drug called cantharidin."--Page 1.Revised by Kevin Rice (Department of Plant Sciences). Original authors: Wayne C. Bailey and Wilbur R. Enns (Department of Entomology), Wayne Loch (Department of Animal Sciences

Grasshopper control in Missouri forage crops and pastures

Original author: Wayne C. Bailey (Department of Entomology)"Grasshoppers are relatively large insects, capable of doing considerable damage to many crops. In early summer, grasshoppers normally feed on grasses and weeds in non-crop areas, and later in the season, they move into fields. Grasshopper populations in Missouri are sporadic. In general, damage to crops is most severe in dry years."--Page 1.Revised by Kevin Rice (Division of Plant Sciences). Original author: Wayne C. Bailey (Department of Entomology

Computing SpMV on FPGAs

There are hundreds of papers on accelerating sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV), however, only a handful target FPGAs. Some claim that FPGAs inherently perform inferiorly to CPUs and GPUs. FPGAs do perform inferiorly for some applications like matrix-matrix multiplication and matrix-vector multiplication. CPUs and GPUs have too much memory bandwidth and too much floating point computation power for FPGAs to compete. However, the low computations to memory operations ratio and irregular memory access of SpMV trips up both CPUs and GPUs. We see this as a leveling of the playing field for FPGAs. Our implementation focuses on three pillars: matrix traversal, multiply-accumulator design, and matrix compression. First, most SpMV implementations traverse the matrix in row-major order, but we mix column and row traversal. Second, To accommodate the new traversal the multiply accumulator stores many intermediate y values. Third, we compress the matrix to increase the transfer rate of the matrix from RAM to the FPGA. Together these pillars enable our SpMV implementation to perform competitively with CPUs and GPUs

Effects of Aging on Pressure-Induced Mapk Activation in the Rat Aorta

With age, the cardiovascular system experiences substantial alterations in cellular morphology and function. The factors regulating these changes are unknown; however, the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have emerged as critical components for mediating numerous cellular responses including control of cell growth, differentiation and adaptation. Here we compare the expression, basal activation and the ability of increased pressure to activate the MAPK pathways in adult (6 month old), aged (30 month old) and very aged (36 month old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F1 Hybrid rats. Histochemical analysis demonstrated an age-related increase in tunica media thickness of approximately 11% and 21% in aortae from aged and very aged animals, respectively. Western blot analysis of the MAPK family extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2), p38, and c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs showed differential expression and activation among these proteins with age. Expression of ERK 1/2, p38, and JNK were unchanged, slightly increased (10 ± 17.5%) or significantly increased (72.3 ± 27%), respectively, in very aged aortae. By comparison, basal activation levels of these proteins were reduced (-26.2 ± 7.4%), markedly increased (97.0 ± 16.8%) and slightly increased (14.4 ± 4.5%), respectively, in very aged versus 6-month rat aortae. An acute increase of aortic intraluminal pressure (200 mm Hg) indicated that ERK 1/2 regulation differed from p38 or JNK. Pressure loading-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was unchanged or increased with aging while p38 and JNK phosphorylation was attenuated (P\u3c0.01). These observations confirm previous conclusions that MAPK proteins are mechanically regulated and expand these studies to suggest that MAPK expression and the control of activation are changed with aging

Life History and Laboratory Rearing of the Red Admiral, Vanessa atalanta (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

The red admiral butterfly, Vanessa atalanta (Linneaus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a globally distributed species and model organism for studying migration patterns and effects of climate change. Most previous red admiral research focused on wild populations. Establishing laboratory colonies allow for experimentation with a multitude of lab-based plant-insect interactions. We describe red admiral butterfly life history and laboratory rearing methods

XTCE. XML Telemetry and Command Exchange Tutorial

An XML Telemetry Command Exchange (XTCE) tutoral oriented towards packets or minor frames is shown. The contents include: 1) The Basics; 2) Describing Telemetry; 3) Describing the Telemetry Format; 4) Commanding; 5) Forgotten Elements; 6) Implementing XTCE; and 7) GovSat