13,205 research outputs found
BeppoSAX LECS background subtraction techniques
We present 3 methods for the subtraction of non-cosmic and unresolved cosmic
backgrounds observed by the Low-Energy Concentrator Spectrometer (LECS)
on-board BeppoSAX. Removal of these backgrounds allows a more accurate modeling
of the spectral data from point and small-scale extended sources. At high
(>|25| degree) galactic latitudes, subtraction using a standard background
spectrum works well. At low galactic latitudes, or in complex regions of the
X-ray sky, two alternative methods are presented. The first uses counts
obtained from two semi-annuli near the outside of the LECS field of view to
estimate the background at the source location. The second method uses ROSAT
Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) all-sky survey data to estimate
the LECS background spectrum for a given pointing position. A comparison of the
results from these methods provides an estimate of the systematic
uncertainties. For high galactic latitude fields, all 3 methods give 3 sigma
confidence uncertainties of <0.9 10^-3 count/s (0.1-10 keV), or <1.5 10^-3
count/s (0.1-2 keV). These correspond to 0.1-2.0 keV fluxes of 0.7-1.8 and
0.5-1.1 10^-13 erg/cm2/s for a power-law spectrum with a photon index of 2 and
photoelectric absorption of 3 10^20 and 3 10^21 atom/cm2, respectively. At low
galactic latitudes, or in complex regions of the X-ray sky, the uncertainties
are a factor ~2.5 higher.Comment: 13 pages. Accepted for publication in A&A
A model for liquid-striped liquid phase separation in liquids of anisotropic polarons
The phase separation between a striped polaron liquid at the particular
density and a high density polaron liquid is described by a modified Van der
Waals scheme. The striped polaron liquid represents the pseudo gap matter or
Wigner-like polaron phase at 1/8 doping in cuprate superconductors. The model
includes the tendency of pseudo- Jahn-Teller polarons to form anisotropic
directional bonds at a preferential volume with the formation of different
liquid phases. The model gives the coexistence of a first low density polaron
striped liquid and a second high density liquid that appears in cuprate
superconductors for doping larger than 1/8. We discuss how the strength of
anisotropic bonds controls the variation the phase separation scenarios for
complex systems in the presence of a quantum critical point where the phase
separation vanishes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Connectivity Influences on Nonlinear Dynamics in Weakly-Synchronized Networks: Insights from Rössler Systems, Electronic Chaotic Oscillators, Model and Biological Neurons
Natural and engineered networks, such as interconnected neurons, ecological and social networks, coupled oscillators, wireless terminals and power loads, are characterized by an appreciable heterogeneity in the local connectivity around each node. For instance, in both elementary structures such as stars and complex graphs having scale-free topology, a minority of elements are linked to the rest of the network disproportionately strongly. While the effect of the arrangement of structural connections on the emergent synchronization pattern has been studied extensively, considerably less is known about its influence on the temporal dynamics unfolding within each node. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation across diverse simulated and experimental systems, encompassing star and complex networks of Rössler systems, coupled hysteresis-based electronic oscillators, microcircuits of leaky integrate-and-fire model neurons, and finally recordings from in-vitro cultures of spontaneously-growing neuronal networks. We systematically consider a range of dynamical measures, including the correlation dimension, nonlinear prediction error, permutation entropy, and other information-theoretical indices. The empirical evidence gathered reveals that under situations of weak synchronization, wherein rather than a collective behavior one observes significantly differentiated dynamics, denser connectivity tends to locally promote the emergence of stronger signatures of nonlinear dynamics. In deterministic systems, transition to chaos and generation of higher-dimensional signals were observed; however, when the coupling is stronger, this relationship may be lost or even inverted. In systems with a strong stochastic component, the generation of more temporally-organized activity could be induced. These observations have many potential implications across diverse fields of basic and applied science, for example, in the design of distributed sensing systems based on wireless coupled oscillators, in network identification and control, as well as in the interpretation of neuroscientific and other dynamical data
Suitability of the cyclic voltammetry measurements and DPPH\u2022 spectrophotometric assay to determine the antioxidant capacity of food-grade oenological tannins
Twenty commercially available oenological tannins (including hydrolysable and condensed) were assessed for their antiradical/reducing activity, comparing two analytical approaches: The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH\u2022) radical scavenging spectrophotometric assay and the cyclic voltammetry (CV) electrochemical method. Electrochemical measurements were performed over a 12200 mV\u2013500 mV scan range, and integrated anodic currents to 500 mV were used to build a calibration graph with (+)-catechin as a reference standard (linear range: From 0.0078 to 1 mM, R2 = 0.9887). The CV results were compared with the DPPH\u2022 assay (expressed as % of radical scavenged in time), showing high correlation due to the similarity of the chemical mechanisms underlying both methods involving polyphenolic compounds as reductants. Improved correlation was observed by increasing the incubation time with DPPH\u2022 to 24 h (R2 = 0.925), demonstrating that the spectrophotometric method requires a long-term incubation to complete the scavenging reaction when high-molecular weight tannins are involved; this constraint has been overcome by using instant CV measurements. We concluded that the CV represents a valid alternative to the DPPH\u2022 colorimetric assay, taking advantage of fast analysis and control on the experimental conditions and, because of these properties, it can assist the quality control along the supply chain
Nanoscale phase separation in the iron chalcogenide superconductor K0.8Fe1.6Se2 as seen via scanning nanofocused x-ray diffraction
Advanced synchrotron radiation focusing down to a size of 300 nm has been
used to visualize nanoscale phase separation in the K0.8Fe1.6Se2
superconducting system using scanning nanofocus single-crystal X-ray
diffraction. The results show an intrinsic phase separation in K0.8Fe1.6Se2
single crystals at T< 520 K, revealing coexistence of i) a magnetic phase
characterized by an expanded lattice with superstructures due to Fe vacancy
ordering and ii) a non-magnetic phase with an in-plane compressed lattice. The
spatial distribution of the two phases at 300 K shows a frustrated or arrested
nature of the phase separation. The space-resolved imaging of the phase
separation permitted us to provide a direct evidence of nanophase domains
smaller than 300 nm and different micrometer-sized regions with percolating
magnetic or nonmagnetic domains forming a multiscale complex network of the two
phases.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
On the enigmatic X-ray Source V1408 Aql (=4U 1957+11)
Models for the characteristically soft X-ray spectrum of the compact X-ray
source V1498 Aql (=4U 1957+11) have ranged from optically thick Comptonization
to multicolor accretion disk models. We critically examine the X-ray spectrum
of V1408 Aql via archival Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics
(ASCA) data, archival Roentgensatellit (ROSAT) data, and recent Rossi X-Ray
Timing Explorer (RXTE) data. Although we are able to fit a variety of X-ray
spectral models to these data, we favor an interpretation of the X-ray spectrum
as being due to an accretion disk viewed at large inclination angles. Evidence
for this hypothesis includes long term (117 day, 235 day, 352 day)
periodicities seen by the RXTE All Sky Monitor (ASM), which we interpret as
being due to a warped precessing disk, and a 1 keV feature in the ASCA data,
which we interpret as being the blend of L fluorescence features from a disk
atmosphere or wind. We also present timing analysis of the RXTE data and find
upper limits of 4% for the root mean square (rms) variability between
f=0.001-16 Hz. The situation of whether the compact object is a black hole or
neutron star is still ambiguous; however, it now seems more likely that an
X-ray emitting, warped accretion disk is an important component of this system.Comment: High Frequency Power Spectrum corrected for unflagged `data dropouts'
(described in Appendix) and correct upper limits for variability presented.
All energy spectra and long term variability sections unchanged. Additional
references and acknowledgements added. 13 pages in emulateapj.st
Direct observation of nanoscale interface phase in the superconducting chalcogenide KFeSe with intrinsic phase separation
We have used scanning micro x-ray diffraction to characterize different
phases in superconducting KFeSe as a function of temperature,
unveiling the thermal evolution across the superconducting transition
temperature (T32 K), phase separation temperature (T520 K)
and iron-vacancy order temperature (T580 K). In addition to the
iron-vacancy ordered tetragonal magnetic phase and orthorhombic metallic
minority filamentary phase, we have found a clear evidence of the interface
phase with tetragonal symmetry. The metallic phase is surrounded by this
interface phase below 300 K, and is embedded in the insulating texture.
The spatial distribution of coexisting phases as a function of temperature
provides a clear evidence of the formation of protected metallic percolative
paths in the majority texture with large magnetic moment, required for the
electronic coherence for the superconductivity. Furthermore, a clear
reorganization of iron-vacancy order around the T and T is found
with the interface phase being mostly associated with a different iron-vacancy
configuration, that may be important for protecting the percolative
superconductivity in KFeSe.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Research on Long-Term Care Homes for Older People in Brazil: Protocol for Scoping Review
LOTUS CONSORTIUM - Improving care in Long-term Care Institutions in Brazil and Europe through Collaboration and ResearchBackground
The fast growth of the ageing population in low and middle-income countries, such as Brazil, has allowed little time for social and health care systems to adapt. As the care needs for the most vulnerable and frail older people become increasingly complex, services and governments need to ensure that long term care homes deliver high-quality and evidence-based care to meet their healthcare needs.
Aim
To examine and map the range of research undertaken in Brazil regarding care homes published in peer reviewed journals.
Method
This scoping review will consider all relevant peer-reviewed primary studies fully or partly conducted in Brazilian care homes including those which consider workforce (for example, e.g. healthcare professionals, care staff, and management level staff) and care home residents (older people aged 60 years and above), using empirical and original research focused on any health related topic. The searches will be conducted using bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and Google Scholar) and manual searching of the reference lists of relevant studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish from inception up to 2018. Two authors will independently screen each document by title and abstract against the eligibility criteria. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer will be consulted. Data from the included studies will be extracted and reported using tables, graphs, and narrative accounts using elements of content analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool will be used to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies
The Second INTEGRAL AGN Catalogue
The INTEGRAL mission provides a large data set for studying the hard X-ray
properties of AGN and allows testing of the unified scheme for AGN. We present
analysis of INTEGRAL IBIS/ISGRI, JEM-X, and OMC data for 199 AGN supposedly
detected by INTEGRAL above 20 keV. The data analysed here allow a significant
spectral extraction on 148 objects and an optical variability study of 57 AGN.
The slopes of the hard X-ray spectra of Seyfert 1 and Seyfert~2 galaxies are
found to be consistent within the uncertainties, whereas higher cut-off
energies and lower luminosities are measured for the more absorbed / type 2
AGN. The intermediate Seyfert 1.5 objects exhibit hard X-ray spectra consistent
with those of Seyfert 1. When applying a Compton reflection model, the
underlying continua appear the same in Seyfert 1 and 2 with photon index 2, and
the reflection strength is about R = 1, when assuming different inclination
angles. A significant correlation is found between the hard X-ray and optical
luminosity and the mass of the central black hole in the sense that the more
luminous objects appear to be more massive. There is also a general trend
toward the absorbed sources and type 2 AGN having lower Eddington ratios. The
black holemass appears to form a fundamental plane together with the optical
and X-ray luminosity of the form Lv being proportional to Lx^0.6 M^0.2, similar
to that found between radio luminosity Lr, Lx, and M. The unified model for
Seyfert galaxies seems to hold, showing in hard X-rays that the central engine
is the same in Seyfert 1 and 2, but seen under different inclination angles and
absorption. (Abridged)Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. Corrections by
language editor included in version
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