18 research outputs found

    ATLAS Run 1 searches for direct pair production of third-generation squarks at the Large Hadron Collider

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    Ecodiseño de un sistema acuapónico en el método de película nutritiva a partir del uso de materiales nativos de la Región Caribe colombiana

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    La acuaponía, al ser un cultivo binario, tiene gran potencial para aportar en la solución de la crisis de escasez de recursos existente en el planeta, pues contribuye en la optimización de agua potable, de terrenos aptos para el cultivo y de los alimentos en sí, además es considerado el sistema de cultivo más eficiente en términos de producción. Sin embargo, se descubrió que muchos de los materiales que se usan en esta práctica, son perjudiciales para el ambiente, para las plantas y peces del cultivo al igual que para el consumidor final. En esta investigación se busca desarrollar un modelo para un sistema acuapónico con menores impactos, menor costo y con materiales ecológicos, para ello se hace uso del eco diseño como metodología, para realizar mejoras desde la etapa inicial del ciclo de vida del sistema, aplicando herramientas como el diferencial semántico, el análisis del ciclo de vida y el análisis del costo del ciclo de vida, además de una herramienta de cuantificación de los impactos ambientales; partiendo de esto se elaboró un modelo digital, cuyo funcionamiento fue probado y validado con lo cual se demostró que haciendo uso de materiales ecológicos presentes en la región caribe colombiana y del ecodiseño, se logró la disminución de las cargas ambientales, que pasaron de 331 a 58 kg de CO2, se redujeron los costos de producción a lo largo del ciclo de vida, además, de los aportes a la seguridad alimentaria y a la sostenibilidad de la acuaponíaRESUMEN...................................................................................................................................10ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................111. INTRODUCCION ..............................................................................................................122. OBJETIVOS........................................................................................................................142.1. OBJETIVO GENERAL:........................................................................................... 142.2. OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS:.................................................................................. 143. REVISION BIBLIOGRAFICA.........................................................................................163.1 JUSTIFICACION............................................................................................................ 163.2. PERSPECTIVA TEORICA.......................................................................................... 214. ESTADO DEL ARTE.........................................................................................................315. MATERIALES Y METODOS ..........................................................................................385.1. DISEÑO DE LA INVESTIGACION Y VARIABLES DE ESTUDIO....................... 385.2 DEFINICION DE LA MUESTRA ................................................................................. 405.3 INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCION DE INFOMACIÓN................................... 415.3.1 Diferencial semántico................................................................................................ 415.3.2. Análisis del ciclo de vida ACV ............................................................................... 425.3.3 ACCV análisis del costo de ciclo de vida................................................................. 445.4 ANALISIS DE LA INFORMACION OBTENIDA ...................................................... 455.5 ETAPAS............................................................................................................................ 476. RESULTADOS ...................................................................................................................486.1 SELECCIÓN DE LOS MATERIALES ALTERNATIVOS........................................ 486.2 HERRAMIENTAS DEL ECODISEÑO PARA EL DESARROLLO DEL MODELO ESTRUCTURAL ................................................................................................................... 506.2.1. Resultados del diferencial semántico...................................................................... 506.2.2. Resultados del ACV ................................................................................................. 516.2.3. Evaluación de los costos durante la vida útil del sistema (ACCV)...................... 636.3 DISEÑO DIGITAL DEL PROTOTIPO PARTIR DE LOS MATERIALES DE MENOR COSTO E IMPACTO AMBIENTAL.................................................................. 676.3.1 Parámetros de diseño................................................................................................ 676.3.2. Características generales del prototipo digital...................................................... 686.3.3. Prueba y validación.................................................................................................. 717. CONCLUSIONES.......................................................................................................... 769. BIBLIOGRAFIA.....................................................................................................................79ANEXOS......................................................................................................................................86Anexo 1 . Braingstorming...................................................................................................... 86Anexo 2. Selección y unificación de ideas ............................................................................ 87Anexo 3. Estudio de mercado................................................................................................ 88Anexo 4. Pliego de condiciones.............................................................................................. 92Anexo 5 Mapa de empatía..................................................................................................... 93Anexo 6. Impacto ambiental de la acuaponía tradicional .................................................. 94Anexo 7. Costo de fabricación recurrente ........................................................................... 95Anexo 8. Desglose del LCCA................................................................................................. 96Anexo 9. LCCA de la investigación...................................................................................... 97Anexo 10. Vista a detalle ....................................................................................................... 99Anexo 11. Plano de montaje (ensamble) ............................................................................ 100Anexo 12. Vista frontal y lateral del prototipo.................................................................. 101APENDICE................................................................................................................................102PregradoIngeniero(a) IndustrialTrabajos de Investigación y/o Extensió

    I simposio Internacional sobre Investigación en la enseñanza de las ciencias

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    The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: External Validation of the Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer

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    Introduction Revisions to the TNM stage classifications for lung cancer, informed by the international database (N = 94,708) of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee, need external validation. The objective was to externally validate the revisions by using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) of the American College of Surgeons. Methods Cases presenting from 2000 through 2012 were drawn from the NCDB and reclassified according to the eighth edition stage classification. Clinically and pathologically staged subsets of NSCLC were analyzed separately. The T, N, and overall TNM classifications were evaluated according to clinical, pathologic, and â\u80\u9cbestâ\u80\u9d stage (N = 780,294). Multivariate analyses were carried out to adjust for various confounding factors. A combined analysis of the NSCLC cases from both databases was performed to explore differences in overall survival prognosis between the two databases. Results The databases differed in terms of key factors related to data source. Survival was greater in the IASLC database for all stage categories. However, the eighth edition TNM stage classification system demonstrated consistent ability to discriminate TNM categories and stage groups for clinical and pathologic stage. Conclusions The IASLC revisions made for the eighth edition of lung cancer staging are validated by this analysis of the NCDB database by the ordering, statistical differences, and homogeneity within stage groups and by the consistency within analyses of specific cohorts

    The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Background Data and Proposals for the Classification of Lung Cancer with Separate Tumor Nodules in the Forthcoming Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer

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    The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Summary of Proposals for Revisions of the Classification of Lung Cancers with Multiple Pulmonary Sites of Involvement in the Forthcoming Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification

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    The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Revision of the TNM Stage Groupings in the Forthcoming (Eighth) Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer

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    The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for the Revision of the Clinical and Pathologic Staging of Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Forthcoming Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer

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    International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

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    We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN
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