Simple feed-forward wide-range frequency offset estimator for optical coherent receivers

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a hardware-efficient, feed-forward, wide-range frequency offset estimator for DSP-based optical coherent receivers. Using a simple relationship of signal spectrum, this estimator is capable to estimate offsets in a range compliant with OIF requirements. Obtained results show that this estimator has a high tolerance to spectrum asymmetry caused by electrical and optical signal filtering, even when using return-to-zero pulse shaping. (C)2011 Optical Society of America1926SI323328Brazilian Ministry of CommunicationsFINEP, Financing Agency for Studies and Projects, of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technolog

Adaptação de instrumento para dimensionar horas diárias de assistência de enfermagem residencial Adaptacion de instrumento para medir horas diarias de atención de enfermería domiciliaria Adaptation of an instrument for the measurement of daily hours for nursing care at patient's home

O Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System Intermediate: TISS-Intermediário foi traduzido para a língua portuguesa e adaptado para estabelecer horas diárias de assistência domiciliar. O processo de modificação do instrumento, desenvolvido através da Técnica Delphi, teve como participantes 16 enfermeiros, que atuam em empresas de assistência domiciliar e determinam horas diárias de assistência de enfermagem para pacientes na residência, após a hospitalização. Ao término do estudo obteve-se um instrumento com 104 itens, para ser no futuro validado clinicamente. Tal instrumento ajudará enfermeiros a estender cuidados de enfermagem a pacientes em casa, após a alta hospitalar, especialmente na tomada de decisões relativas à avaliação dos pacientes.<br>El Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System Intermediate: TISS-Intermedio, fue traducido para el idioma portugués y adaptado para establecer las horas diarias de asistencia en el domicilio. Dieciséis enfermeros participaron del proceso de modificación del instrumento desarrollado a través de la Técnica Delphi. Esos enfermeros actúan en empresas de atención a domicilio y determinan las horas diarias de atención de enfermería a los pacientes en su domicilio después del alta. Al término del estudio se obtuvo un instrumento con 104 items para ser validado clínicamente.Tal instrumento ayudará a los enfermeros a extender sus cuidados de enfermería a pacientes que se encuentran en casa, después del alta hospitalario, especialmente en la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la evaluación de los pacientes.<br>The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System Intermediate: TISS-Intermediate, was translated into Portuguese and adapted to establish the number of hours daily of home care. The adaptation process of the instrument, developed with the Delphi Technique, used 16 nurses, who work in home care service providers and helped in calculating the number of nursing care hours for patients at their home after a period of hospitalization. At the end of the study, a 104 item-instrument was obtained for future clinical validation. This instrument will help nurses to extend nursing care to patients in their homes after they are discharged from hospitals, especially in regard to their decision-making concerning patient assessment