14,054 research outputs found
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Ionising radiation exposure from medical imaging – A review of Patient's (un) awareness
Introduction: Medical imaging is the main source of artificial radiation exposure. Evidence, however, suggests that patients are poorly informed about radiation exposure when attending diagnostic scans. This review provides an overview of published literature with a focus on nuclear medicine patients on the level of awareness of radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging. Methods: A review of available literature on awareness, knowledge and perception of ionising radiation in medical imaging was conducted. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were subjected to critical appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: 140 articles identified and screened for eligibility, 24 critically assessed and 4 studies included in synthesis. All studies demonstrated that patients were generally lacking awareness about radiation exposure and highlighted a lack of communication between healthcare professionals and patients with respect to radiation exposure. Conclusion: Studies demonstrate a need to better inform patients about their radiation exposure, and further studies focusing on nuclear medicine patients are particularly warranted. Implications for practice: Adequate and accurate information is crucial to ensure the principle of informed consent is present
Potencial de populações de coqueiro gigante no meio-norte do Brasil para produção de biocombustíveis.
bitstream/CPATC/19785/1/f_23_2007.pd
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Radiation exposure awareness from patients undergoing nuclear medicine diagnostic 99mTc-MDP bone scans and 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose PET/computed tomography scans
INTRODUCTION: Medical imaging is on average the largest source of artificial radiation exposure worldwide. This study seeks to understand patient's awareness of radiation exposure derived from nuclear medicine diagnostic scans and assess if current information provided by leaflets is adequate.
METHODS: Single-centre cross-sectional questionnaire study applied to bone scan and FDG PET/computed tomography patients, at a nuclear medicine and PET/computed tomography department over a 15-week period in 2018. Questionnaires on dose comparators were designed in collaboration with patients, public, and experts in radiation exposure. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis and quantitative data using SPSS (V. 24).
RESULTS: A total of 102 questionnaires were completed (bone scan = 50; FDG PET/computed tomography = 52). Across both groups, 33/102 (32.4%) patients reported having a reasonable understanding of nuclear medicine and 21/102 (20.6%) reported a reasonable knowledge of ionising radiations. When asked to compare the exposure dose of respective scans with common comparators 8/50 (16%) of bone scan patients and 11/52 (21.2%) FDG PET/computed tomography answered correctly. On leaflet information, 15/85 (17.6%) patients reported the leaflets do not provide enough information on radiation exposure and of these 10/15 (66.7%) commented the leaflets should incorporate more information on radiation exposure dose.
CONCLUSION: More observational and qualitative studies in collaboration with patients are warranted to evaluate patients' understanding and preferences in communication of radiation exposure from nuclear medicine imaging. This will ensure communication tools and guidelines developed to comply with ionising radiation (medical exposure) regulation 2017 are according to patients needs and preferences
Noncommutative fields in three dimensions and mass generation
We apply the noncommutative fields method for gauge theory in three
dimensions where the Chern-Simons term is generated in the three-dimensional
electrodynamics. Under the same procedure, the Chern-Simons term is shown to be
cancelled in the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory for the appropriate value of the
noncommutativity parameter. Hence the mutual interchange between
Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory and pure Maxwell theory turns out to be generated
within this method.Comment: Comments 5 pages, epl, version accepted for publication in
Europhysics Letter
f [N pi N]: from quarks to the pion derivative coupling
We study the N pi N coupling, in the framework of a QCD-inspired confining
Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. A simple relativistic confining and instantaneous
quark model is reviewed. The Salpeter equation for the nucleon and the boosted
pion is solved. The f [n pi n] and f[n pi Delta] couplings are calculated and
they turn out to be reasonably good. The sensibility of f[n pi n] and f[n pi
Delta] to confinement, chiral symmetry breaking and Lorentz invariance is
briefly discussed.Comment: 30 pages in LaTex RevTex, 6 postscript figure
The Apparent Fractal Conjecture: Scaling Features in Standard Cosmologies
This paper presents an analysis of the smoothness problem in cosmology by
focussing on the ambiguities originated in the simplifying hypotheses aimed at
observationally verifying if the large-scale distribution of galaxies is
homogeneous, and conjecturing that this distribution should follow a fractal
pattern in perturbed standard cosmologies. This is due to a geometrical effect,
appearing when certain types of average densities are calculated along the past
light cone. The paper starts reviewing the argument concerning the possibility
that the galaxy distribution follows such a scaling pattern, and the premises
behind the assumption that the spatial homogeneity of standard cosmology can be
observable. Next, it is argued that to discuss observable homogeneity one needs
to make a clear distinction between local and average relativistic densities,
and showing how the different distance definitions strongly affect them,
leading the various average densities to display asymptotically opposite
behaviours. Then the paper revisits Ribeiro's (1995: astro-ph/9910145) results,
showing that in a fully relativistic treatment some observational average
densities of the flat Friedmann model are not well defined at z ~ 0.1, implying
that at this range average densities behave in a fundamentally different manner
as compared to the linearity of the Hubble law, well valid for z < 1. This
conclusion brings into question the widespread assumption that relativistic
corrections can always be neglected at low z. It is also shown how some key
features of fractal cosmologies can be found in the Friedmann models. In view
of those findings, it is suggested that the so-called contradiction between the
cosmological principle, and the galaxy distribution forming an unlimited
fractal structure, may not exist.Comment: 30 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX. This paper is a follow-up to
gr-qc/9909093. Accepted for publication in "General Relativity and
Gravitation
Quantum key distribution with higher-order alphabets using spatially-encoded qudits
We propose and demonstrate a quantum key distribution scheme in higher-order
-dimensional alphabets using spatial degrees of freedom of photons. Our
implementation allows for the transmission of 4.56 bits per sifted photon,
while providing improved security: an intercept-resend attack on all photons
would induce an error rate of 0.47. Using our system, it should be possible to
send more than a byte of information per sifted photon.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Replaced with published versio
Repulsive Core of NN S-Wave Scattering in a Quark Model with a Condensed Vacuum
We work in a chiral invariant quark model, with a condensed vacuum,
characterized by only one parameter. Bound state equations for the nucleon and
Delta are solved in order to obtain an updated value of their radii and masses.
Nucleon-nucleon S-Wave scattering is studied in the RGM framework both for
isospin T=1 and T=0. The phase shifts are calculated and an equivalent local
potential, which is consistent with K-N scattering, is derived. The result is a
reasonable microscopic short range repulsion in the nucleon-nucleon
interaction.Comment: 23 pages in latex revtex, 4 Postscript figure
Resposta do milheto comum a doses de nitrogênio em planossolo típico no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Sul.
bitstream/item/31615/1/comunicado86.pd
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