17,454 research outputs found
Determination of spin polarization in InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots
The spin polarization of electrons trapped in InAs self-assembled quantum dot
ensembles is investigated. A statistical approach for the population of the
spin levels allows one to infer the spin polarization from the measure values
of the addition energies. From the magneto-capacitance spectroscopy data, the
authors found a fully polarized ensemble of electronic spins above 10 T when
and at 2.8 K. Finally, by including the g-tensor
anisotropy the angular dependence of spin polarization with the magnetic field
orientation and strength could be determined.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, Accepted Appl. Phys. Let
Chiral corrections to baryon properties with composite pions
A calculational scheme is developed to evaluate chiral corrections to
properties of composite baryons with composite pions. The composite baryons and
pions are bound states derived from a microscopic chiral quark model. The model
is amenable to standard many-body techniques such as the BCS and RPA
formalisms. An effective chiral model involving only hadronic degrees of
freedom is derived from the macroscopic quark model by projection onto hadron
states. Chiral loops are calculated using the effective hadronic Hamiltonian. A
simple microscopic confining interaction is used to illustrate the derivation
of the pion-nucleon form factor and the calculation of pionic self-energy
corrections to the nucleon and Delta(1232) masses.Comment: 29 pages, Revtex, 4 ps figure
Lande g-tensor in semiconductor nanostructures
Understanding the electronic structure of semiconductor nanostructures is not
complete without a detailed description of their corresponding spin-related
properties. Here we explore the response of the shell structure of InAs
self-assembled quantum dots to magnetic fields oriented in several directions,
allowing the mapping of the g-tensor modulus for the s and p shells. We found
that the g-tensors for the s and p shells show a very different behavior. The
s-state in being more localized allows the probing of the confining potential
details by sweeping the magnetic field orientation from the growth direction
towards the in-plane direction. As for the p-state, we found that the g-tensor
modulus is closer to that of the surrounding GaAs, consistent with a larger
delocalization. These results reveal further details of the confining
potentials of self-assembled quantum dots that have not yet been probed, in
addition to the assessment of the g-tensor, which is of fundamental importance
for the implementation of spin related applications.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Vacuum fluctuations of a scalar field near a reflecting boundary and their effects on the motion of a test particle
The contribution from quantum vacuum fluctuations of a real massless scalar
field to the motion of a test particle that interacts with the field in the
presence of a perfectly reflecting flat boundary is here investigated. There is
no quantum induced dispersions on the motion of the particle when it is alone
in the empty space. However, when a reflecting wall is introduced, dispersions
occur with magnitude dependent on how fast the system evolves between the two
scenarios. A possible way of implementing this process would be by means of an
idealized sudden switching, for which the transition occurs instantaneously.
Although the sudden process is a simple and mathematically convenient
idealization it brings some divergences to the results, particularly at a time
corresponding to a round trip of a light signal between the particle and the
wall. It is shown that the use of smooth switching functions, besides
regularizing such divergences, enables us to better understand the behavior of
the quantum dispersions induced on the motion of the particle. Furthermore, the
action of modifying the vacuum state of the system leads to a change in the
particle energy that depends on how fast the transition between these states is
implemented. Possible implications of these results to the similar case of an
electric charge near a perfectly conducting wall are discussed.Comment: 17 pages, 8 figure
Planeamento de uma mobilidade urbana sustentável e eficiente: metodologia para avaliar a descarbonização do setor
No âmbito da aplicação dos fundos europeus estruturais e de investimento no perÃodo de programação 2014-2020 torna-se necessário, na temática da mobilidade, dar cumprimento ao seguinte Objetivo Temático ?Apoiar a transição para uma economia de baixo teor de carbono em todos os sectores?, que estabelece, entre outras, a Prioridade de Investimento 4.5, que visa a promoção de estratégias de baixo teor de carbono para todos os tipos de territórios, nomeadamente as zonas urbanas, incluindo a promoção da mobilidade urbana multimodal sustentável e eficiente. Da análise da metodologia existente para quantificar o volume de emissões do setor dos transportes utilizado pela Direção Geral de Energia e Geologia é possÃvel concluir que a determinação desses valores não permite definir estratégias que visem a redução das emissões neste setor. Deste modo, a metodologia desenvolvida permitirá estimar o valor correspondente a um número de viagens de transporte motorizados para um determinado volume de emissões de GEE (tonCO2) e assim definir o quadro da repartição modal mais eficiente para os padrões de mobilidade urbana a atingir por um, ou vários, municÃpios de uma região. Assim, neste artigo será apresentada uma metodologia que vise estimar a diminuição do número de viagens em transporte individual, que possam ser transferidas para modos de transporte mais eficientes e menos poluentes, como o autocarro e os modos ativos, de modo a que se possa atingir o valor meta de CO2 para 2023.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Sustainable mobility in a mid-sized city : a multimodal approach
Transportation systems of mid-sized cities play an important role in guaranteeing a
sustainable development of the surrounding areas. Sustainable principles applied to the
study of urban mobility involve the consideration of all different travel modes, as well as
the territory where all modes interact and establish points of connection. Consequently, a
multimodal approach is necessary, especially to encourage a more effective and sustainable
use of the system and to promote greener modes of transport, like pedestrians and cyclists,
or other less pollutant modes.
The paper presents a case study on the city of Viana do Castelo, which is located in the
North of Portugal with approximately 37000 inhabitants in 33.6 square kilometres. It is
considered a mid-sized city with a large number of different transport modes, namely
trains, buses, ferryboats, cyclists and pedestrians, which provide an opportunity to develop
and apply a multimodal approach towards a more sustainable city environment
The role of public transport in the achievement of urban sustainable mobility in mid-sized cities
Mid-sized cities or villages often have important issues associated with the relation
between demand and supply of transport, due to its own spatial dimension and also due to
the territory sprawl derived from years of deficient land use planning. Traditionally, public
transport was mainly designed to cover and serve the entire municipality, giving a rural
character to this service. Presently, some of these cities are sufficiently large to support the
adoption of an urban public transport. The main question is how to create a public transport
service in mid-sized cities integrated with the existing transport and parking system, so that
more sustainable patterns of mobility can be achieved. For this purpose, a case study will
be presented regarding the creation and planning of an urban public transport service for
the city of Barcelos, located in Northern Portugal
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