Polarographic Study About The Determination Of Fe(iii) Using The Technique Of Differencial Pulse Polarography [estudo Polarográfico Sobre A Determinação De Fe(iii) Utilizando-se A Técnica Da Polarografia De Pulso Diferencial]

A differential pulse polarographic study with the objective to determine iron (III) in presense of copper (II) in a supporting electrolyte based on citrate -EDTA was made. The best experimental conditions found were a supporting electrolyte of citrate 0.25 mol L-1, EDTA 0.050 mol L-1 and KNO3 0.50 mol L-1, pH 5.00. In this media iron (III) showed a polarographic peak in -0.08 V and the copper (II) in -0.34 V, both vs. Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl). Thus, a analytical method was developed and applied to determine iron (III) in brass alloy, a matrix were copper is in large excess over iron. The results obtained showed no interference of copper in the iron determination. The value of 0.21% of iron in the sample alloy composition was obtained and the method was validated by atomic absortion and recovery test, and the results exhibited a good agreement with the proposed method.246790794Bond, A.M., (1980) Modern Polarographic Methods in Analytical Chemistry, , M. Dekker, New YorkWang, J., (1985) Stripping Analysis, , VCH Publishers, Deerfield BeachLu, J., Wang, J., Yarnitzky, C., (1995) Electroanalysis, 7, p. 79Hernández, L., Zapardiel, A., Pérez-Lópes, J.A., Bermejo, E., (1987) Anal. Chim. Acta, 198, p. 239Visalakshi, G., Narasimhan, S.V., Venkateswarlu, K.S., (1988) Anal. Chim. Acta, 212, p. 335Bond, A.M., Pfund, B.V., (1993) Anal. Chim. Acta, 277, p. 145Bharatibai, J.B., Padma, D.K., Rajagopalan, S.R., (1994) Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 349, p. 477Wang, S., Du, L., Bin Li, A.Z., (1997) Anal. Lett., 30, p. 2099Cox, J.A., Majda, M., (1980) Anal. Chim. Acta, 118, p. 271Van Den Berg, C.M.G., Huang, Z.Q., (1984) J. Electroanal. Chem., 177, p. 269Wang, J., Mahmoud, J., (1987) Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 327, p. 789Hua, C., Jagner, D., Renman, L., (1988) Talanta, 35, p. 597Gao, Z., Kok, S.S., (1996) Talanta, 43, p. 727El-Maali, N.A., Temerk, Y.M., El-Aziz, M.S.A., (1997) Anal. Chim. Acta, 353, p. 313Kolthoff, I.M., Lingane, J.J., (1965) Polarography, 2, p. 499. , Interscience Publishers, 2a edSouchay, P., Faucherre, J., (1949) Anal. Chim. Acta, 3, p. 259Riley, T., Watson, A., (1987) Polarography and Other Voltammetric Methods, p. 220. , John Wiley & Sons, ChichesterMiller, J.C., Miller, J.N., (1990) Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, pp. 115-117. , Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 3a edChristian, G.D., (1994) Analytical Chemistry, p. 10. , John Willey &ampSons, New York, 5a e

Association Between The Ivs4g>t Mutation In The Tcf7l2 Gene And Susceptibility To Diabetes In Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Background: Clinical complications appear to be a decisive factor for the prognosis of patients. Diabetes is an important complication of cystic fibrosis(CF). In our study we evaluated the association between the IVS4G>T mutation in the TCF7L2 gene with the presence of diabetes in patients with CF. Findings. We evaluated 145 patients with CF in relation to the genotype of the IVS4G>T mutation. For this, the PCR method associated with specific enzyme digestion was used. The genotypes G/G, G/T and T/T were observed to have frequencies of 54 (37.2%), 78 (53.8%) and 13 (9%), respectively. There was no association between genotype and the occurrence of diabetes among patients. Conclusions: In our sample, no association was found between the IVS4G>T mutation in the TCF7L2 gene and diabetes. © 2012 Furgeri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.5Tzetis, M., Efthymiadou, A., Doudounakis, S., Kanavakis, E., Qualitative and quantitative analysis of mRNA associated with four putative splicing mutations (621+3A->G, 2751+2T->A, 296+1G->C, 1717-9T->C-D565G) and one nonsense mutation (E822X) in the CFTR gene (2001) Hum Genet, 109 (6), pp. 592-601. , 10.1007/s00439-001-0631-0 11810271http://www.genet.sickkids.on.ca/cftr, Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Analysis Consortium-CFGAC, Disponível em Accessed November 22, 2012Simmonds, N.J., MacNeil, S.J., Cullinan, P., Hodson, M.E., Cystic fibrosis and survival to 40 years: A case-control study (2010) Eur Respir J, 36 (6), pp. 1277-1283. , 10.1183/09031936.00001710 20378603Moran, A., Hardin, D., Rodman, D., Allen, H.F., Beall, R.J., Borowitz, D., Brunzell, C., Zipf, W.B., Diagnosis, screening and management of cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus: A consensus conference report (1999) Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 45, pp. 61-73. , 10.1016/S0168-8227(99)00058-3 10499886MacKie, A.D., Thornton, S.J., Edenborough, F.P., Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (2003) Diabet Med, 20, pp. 425-436. , 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00924.x 12786675Blackman, S.M., Hsu, S., Ritter, S.E., Naughton, K.M., Wright, F.A., Drumm, M.L., Knowles, M.R., Cutting, G.R., A susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes confers substantial risk for diabetes complicating cystic fibrosis (2009) Diabetologia, 52 (9), pp. 1858-1865. , 10.1007/s00125-009-1436-2 19585101Milla, C.E., Warwick, W.J., Moran, A., Trends in pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis correlate with the degree of glucose intolerance at baseline (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162, pp. 891-895. , 10988101Mohan, K., Israel, K.L., Miller, H., Grainger, R., Ledson, M.J., Walshaw, M.J., Long-term effect of insulin treatment in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (2008) Respiration, 76, pp. 181-186. , 10.1159/000110206 17960051Cowie, C.C., Rust, K.F., Byrd-Holt, D.D., Eberhardt, M.S., Flegal, K.M., Engelgau, M.M., Saydah, S.H., Gregg, E.W., Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the U.S. population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 (2006) Diabetes Care, 29, pp. 1263-1268. , 10.2337/dc06-0062 16732006Grant, S.F., Thorleifsson, G., Reynisdottir, I., Benediktsson, R., Manolescu, A., Sainz, J., Helgason, A., Stefansson, K., Variant of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers risk of type 2 diabetes (2006) Nat Genet, 38, pp. 320-323. , 10.1038/ng1732 16415884Florez, J.C., Jablonski, K.A., Bayley, N., Pollin, T.I., De Bakker, P.I., Shuldiner, A.R., Knowler, W.C., Altshuler, D., Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. TCF7L2 polymorphisms and progression to diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Program (2006) N Engl J Med, 355 (3), pp. 241-250. , 10.1056/NEJMoa062418 1685526

Genetic Interaction Of Gsh Metabolic Pathway Genes In Cystic Fibrosis

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by CFTR gene mutations, with clinical expression similar to complex disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Among the possible modifier genes, those associated to metabolic pathways of glutathione (GSH) have been considered as potential modulators of CF clinical severity. In this way it is of pivotal importance investigate gene polymorphisms at Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase, Catalytic Subunit (GCLC), Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1), Glutathione S-transferase Theta 1 (GSTT1), and Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), which have been associated to the GSH metabolic pathway and CF clinical severity.Method: A total of 180 CF's patients were included in this study, which investigated polymorphisms in GCLC and GST genes (GCLC -129C>T and -3506A>G; GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes deletion, and GSTP1*+313A>G) by PCR and PCR-RFLP associating to clinical variables of CF severity, including variables of sex, clinical scores [Shwachman-Kulczycki, Kanga e Bhalla (BS)], body mass index, patient age, age for diagnosis, first clinical symptoms, first colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sputum's microorganisms, hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the blood, spirometry and comorbidities. The CFTR genotype was investigated in all patients, and the genetic interaction was performed using MDR2.0 and MDRPT0.4.7 software.Results: The analysis of multiple genes in metabolic pathways in diseases with variable clinical expression, as CF disease, enables understanding of phenotypic diversity. Our data show evidence of interaction between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes deletion, and GSTP1*+313A>G polymorphism with CFTR gene mutation classes, and BS (Balance testing accuracy= 0.6824, p= 0.008), which measures the commitment of bronchopulmonary segments by tomography.Conclusion: Polymorphisms in genes associated with metabolism of GSH act on the CF's severity. © 2013 Marson et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.141(2012), http://www.cff.org, Access: 12.05.2012, CFF - Cystic Fibrosis FoundationDrumm, M.L., Ziady, A.G., Davis, P.B., Genetic variation and clinical heterogeneity in cystic fibrosis (2012) Annu Rev Pathol, 7, pp. 267-282. , 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-120900, 22017581Kerem, B.S., Rommens, J.M., Buchanan, J.A., Markiewicz, D., Cox, T.K., Chakravarti, A., Buchwald, M., Tsui, L.C., Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: genetic analysis (1989) Science, 245, pp. 1073-1080. , 10.1126/science.2570460, 2570460Riordan, J.R., Rommens, J.M., Kerem, B.S., Alon, N., Rozmahel, R., Grzelczak, Z., Zielenski, J., Tsui, L.C., Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of the complementary DNA (1989) Science, 245, pp. 1066-1073. , 10.1126/science.2475911, 2475911Rommens, J.M., Iannuzzi, M.C., Kerem, B.S., Drumm, M.L., Melmer, G., Dean, M., Rozmahel, R., Collins, F.S., Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: chromosome walking and jumping (1989) Science, 245, pp. 1059-1065. , 10.1126/science.2772657, 2772657(2012) The Cystic fibrosis mutation database, , http://www.genet.sickkids.on.ca/cftr, Access: 06/03/2012, Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Analysis Consortium - CFGACStanke, F., Becker, T., Kumar, V., Hedtfeld, S., Becker, C., Cuppens, H., Tamm, S., Tümmler, B., Genes that determine immunology and inflammation modify the basic defect of impaired ion conductance in cystic fibrosis epithelia (2011) J Med Genet, 48 (1), pp. 24-31. , 10.1136/jmg.2010.080937, 3003880, 20837493Molinaro, A.M., Carriero, N., Bjornson, R., Hartge, P., Rothman, N., Chatterjee, N., Power of data mining methods to detect genetic associations and interactions (2011) Hum Hered, 72 (2), pp. 85-97. , 10.1159/000330579, 3222116, 21934324Slieker, M.G., Sanders, E.A.M., Rijkers, G.T., Ruven, H.J.T., Van Der Ent, C.K., Disease modifying genes in cystic fibrosis (2005) J Cyst Fibros, 4 (2), pp. 7-13Davies, J.C., Griesenbach, U., Alton, E., Modifier genes in cystic fibrosis (2005) Pediatr Pulmonol, 39 (45), pp. 383-391Faria, E.J., Faria, I.C., Ribeiro, J.D., Ribeiro, A.F., Hessel, G., Bertuzzo, C.S., Association of MBL2, TGF-beta1 and CD14 gene polymorphisms with lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis (2009) J Bras Pneumol, 35 (4), pp. 334-342. , 10.1590/S1806-37132009000400007, 19466271Lima, C.S., Ortega, M.M., Marson, F.A., Zulli, R., Ribeiro, A.F., Bertuzzo, C.S., Ystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations and glutathione S-transferase null genotypes in cystic fibrosis patients in Brazil (2012) J Bras Pneumol, 38 (1), pp. 50-56. , 10.1590/S1806-37132012000100008, 22407040Marson, F.A., Bertuzzo, C.S., Hortencio, T.D., Ribeiro, J.D., Bonadia, L.C., Ribeiro, A.F., The ACE gene D/I polymorphism as a modulator of severity of cystic fibrosis (2012) BMC Pulm Med, 8, pp. 12-41Marson, F.A., Bertuzzo, C.S., Ribeiro, A.F., Ribeiro, J.D., Polymorphisms in ADRB2 gene can modulate the response to bronchodilators and the severity of cystic fibrosis (2012) BMC Pulm Med, 5, p. 50. , 12(1):50. Print up aheadLiu, S., Li, B., Zhou, Y., Zhong, N., Ran, P., Genetic analysis of CC16, OGG1 and GCLC polymorphisms and susceptibility to COPD (2007) Respirology, 12 (1), pp. 29-33. , 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00958.x, 17207022Henrion-Caude, A., Flamant, C., Roussey, M., Housset, C., Flahault, A., Fryer, A.A., Chadelat, K., Clement, A., Liver disease in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis is associated with glutathione S-transferase P1 polymorphism (2002) Hepatology, 36 (4 PART 1), pp. 913-917McKone, E.F., Shao, J., Frangolias, D.D., Keener, C.L., Shephard, C.A., Farin, F.M., Tonelli, M.R., Kavanagh, T.J., Variants in the Glutamate-Cysteine-Ligase gene are associated with cystic fibrosis lung disease (2006) Am J Resp and Crit Care Med, 174 (4), pp. 415-429Feuillet-Fieux, M.N., Nguyen-Khoa, T., Loriot, M.A., Kelly, M., de Villartay, P., Sermet, I., Verrier, P., Lacour, B., Glutathione S-transferases related to P. aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis children: preliminary study (2009) Clin Biochem, 42 (1-2), pp. 57-63Baranov, V.S., Ivaschenko, T., Bakay, B., Aseev, M., Belotserkovskaya, R., Baranova, H., Malet, P., Kovaleva, L., Proportion of the GSTM1 0/0 genotype in some Slavic populations and its correlation with cystic fibrosis and some multifactorial diseases (1996) Hum Genet, 97 (4), pp. 516-520. , 10.1007/BF02267078, 8834254Hull, J., Thomson, A.H., Contribution of genetic factors other than CFTR to disease severity in cystic fibrosis (1998) Thorax, 53 (12), pp. 1018-1021. , 10.1136/thx.53.12.1018, 1745152, 10195071Sterpone, S., Cornetta, T., Angioni, A., Fiscarelli, E., Lucidi, V., Testa, A., Cozzi, R., DNA damage and related modifier genes in Italian cystic fibrosis patients (2009) Biol Res, 42 (4), pp. 477-486Drumm, M.L., Konstan, M.W., Schluchter, M.D., Handler, A., Pace, R., Zou, F., Zariwala, M., Knowles, M.R., Genetic modifiers of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2005) N Engl J Med, 353 (14), pp. 1443-1453. , 10.1056/NEJMoa051469, 16207846, Gene Modifier Study GroupKorytina, G.F., Iaibaeva, D.G., Viktorova, T.V., Polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genes in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic respiratory tract diseases (2004) Genetika, 40 (3), pp. 401-408(2012), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, Access: 20/05/2012, National Center for Biotechnology Information - NCBIKoide, S., Kugiyama, K., Sugiyama, S., Nakamura, S., Fukushima, H., Honda, O., Yoshimura, M., Ogawa, H., Association of polymorphism in glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit gene with coronary vasomotor dysfunction and myocardial infarction (2003) JACC, 41 (4), pp. 539-545. , 10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02866-8, 12598062Strange, R.C., Spiteri, M.A., Ramachandran, S., Fryer, A.A., Glutathione-S-transferase family of enzymes (2001) Mutat Res, 482 (1-2), pp. 21-26Amorim, L.M.F., Rossini, A., Mendonça, G., Lotsch, P., Simão, T.A., Gallo, C.M., Pinto, L., CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk in Brazilian women (2002) Cancer Lett, 181 (12), pp. 179-186Harries, L.W., Stubbins, M.J., Forman, D., Howard, G.C.W., Wolf, C.R., Identification of genetic polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase Pi locus and association with susceptibility to bladder, testicular and prostate cancer (1997) Carcinogenesis, 18 (4), pp. 641-644. , 10.1093/carcin/18.4.641, 9111193Santos, C.I.S., Ribeiro, J.D., Ribeiro, A.F., Hessel, G., Critical analysis of scoring systems used in the assessment of Cystic Fibrosis severity: state of the art (2004) J Bras Pneumol, 30 (3), pp. 286-298(2006) Antro [programa de computador]. 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Asthma: Gln27glu and Arg16gly polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene as risk factors

Background: Asthma is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. The ADRB2 gene, which encodes the beta 2-adrenergic receptor, is one of the most extensively studied genes with respect to asthma prevalence and severity. The Arg16Gly (+46A > G) and Gln27Glu (+79C > G) polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene cause changes in the amino acids flanking the receptor ligand site, altering the response to bronchodilators and the risk of asthma through complex pathways. The ADRB2 polymorphisms affect beta-adrenergic bronchodilator action and are a tool to identify at-risk populations.Objective: To determine the frequency of these two polymorphisms in allergic asthma patients and healthy subjects and to correlate these data with the occurrence and severity of asthma.Methods: Eighty-eight allergic asthma patients and 141 healthy subjects were included in this study. The ADRB2 polymorphisms were analyzed using the amplification-refractory mutation system - polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 21.0 software using the Fisher's Exact and χ2 tests.Results: The ADRB2 polymorphisms were associated with asthma occurrence. The Arg16Arg, Gln27Gln and Gln27Glu genotypes were risk factors; the odds ratios were 6.782 (CI = 3.07 to 16.03), 2.120 (CI = 1.22 to 3.71) and 8.096 (CI = 3.90 to 17.77), respectively. For the Gly16Gly and Glu27Glu genotypes, the odds ratios were 0.312 (CI = 0.17 to 0.56) and 0.084 (CI = 0.04 to 0.17), respectively. The haplotype analysis showed that there were associations between the following groups: Arg16Arg-Gln27Gln (OR = 5.108, CI = 1.82 to 16.37), Gly16Gly-Glu27Glu (OR = 2.816, CI = 1.25 to 6.54), Arg16Gly-Gln27Glu (OR = 0.048, CI = 0.01 to 0.14) and Gly16Gly-Gln27Glu (OR = 0.1036, CI = 0.02 to 0.39). The polymorphism Gln27Glu was associated with asthma severity, as the Gln27Gln genotype was a risk factor for severe asthma (OR = 2.798, CI = 1.099 to 6.674) and the Gln27Glu genotype was a protective factor for mild (OR = 3.063, CI = 1.037 to 9.041) and severe (OR = 0.182, CI = 0.048 to 0.691) asthma.Conclusions: The Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene are associated with asthma presence and severity. © 2014 de Paiva et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Asthma is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. The ADRB2 gene, which encodes the beta 2-adrenergic receptor, is one of the most extensively studied genes with respect to asthma prevalence and severity. The Arg16Gly (+46A &gt, G) and Gln27Glu101FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR2011/18845-1sem informação(2012) A pocket guide for asthma management and prevention (for adults and children older than 5 years), , http://www.ginasthma.com, Available from: , Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)ISACC: The International Study of asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) - Steering Committee (1998) Lancet, 351 (111), pp. 125-132. , Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivities, and atopic eczemaAnandan, C., Nurmatov, U., van Schayck, O.C., Sheikh, A., Is the prevalence of asthma declining? Systematic review of epidemiological studies (2010) Allergy, 65 (2), pp. 152-167. , 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02244.x, 19912154(2005) Estatísticas de Saúde e Mortalidade, , Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. 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Validation Spreadsheet: A New Tool For Estimating The Analytical Figures Of Merit For The Validation Of Univariate Methods [planilha De Validação: Uma Nova Ferramenta Para Estimar Figuras De Mérito Na Validação De Métodos Analíticos Univariados]

This work presents the VALIDATION SPREADSHEET, a public domain tool that can be used to evaluate the figures of merit for univariate analytical methods. A real example of BTEX determination in environmental samples is included to illustrate its use. The spreadsheet has been developed for Excel® and Open Office®, and is available on the internet at http//lqta.iqm.unicamp.br.311164171Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA)Resolução 899 de 29 de maio de 2003 - Guia para Validação de Métodos Analíticos e BioanalíticosInternational Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)Guidance for Industry Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures, March 1995International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)Guidance for Industry Q2B: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures, November 1996Danzer, K., Currie, L.A., Guidelines for Calibration in Analytical Chemistry (1998) Pure Appl. Chem, 70, p. 993Instituto Nacional de Metrologia. Normatização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO)Orientações sobre Validação de Métodos de Ensaios QuímicosDOQ-CGCRE-008, Revisão: 01 de março de 2003Maynard, A.W., (1999) Chemtech, 20, p. 151Ribani, M., Bottoli, C.B.G., Collins, C.H., Jardim, I.C.S.F., Melo, L.F.C., (2004) Quim. Nova, 27, p. 771Baccan, N., Andrade, J.C., Godinho, O.E.S., Barone, J.S., (1998) Química Analítica Quantitativa Elementar, pp. 154-190. , Ed. Edgard Blücher Ltda, 3a. edhttp://www.epa.gov, acessada em Janeiro 2007http://www.anvisa.gov.br, acessada em Janeiro 2007http://www.inmetro.gov.br, acessada em Janeiro 2007ac, acessada em, (2007), www.effichem.com, Janeirowww.chem.agilent.com, acessada em Janeiro 2007http://pb.merck.de/servlet/PB/menu/1001794/index.html, acessada em Janeiro 2007(1985) Statistische Methoden in der Wasseranalytik, , Funk, W, Dammann, V, Vonderheid, C, Oehlmann, G, eds, VCHPimentel, M.F., Barros Neto, B., (1996) Quim. Nova, 19, p. 268(1996) Method 8260B - Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), Revision, 2. , US Environmental Protection Agency;, CD-ROMCustódio, R., Andrade, J.C., Augusto, F., (1997) Quim. Nova, 20, p. 219Draper, N.R., Smith, H., (1981) Applied Regression Analysis, , 2 nd ed, Ed. John Wiley & Sons: New York, Chapters 1 and 2Miller, J.N., (1991) Analyst, 116, p. 3Box, G.E.P., Hunther, J.S., Hunther, W.G., (2005) Statistics for Experimenters, Design, Innovation and Discovery, p. 46. , Ed. John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2nd ed(1996) Method 8000B - Determinative Chromatography Separations, , US Environmental Protection Agency;, CD-ROMUS Environmental Protection AgencyTest Methods SW846 - Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Chapter One: Quality Control, Revision 1, 2005. http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm, acessada em Janeiro 2007Microsoft® Office 2003, www.microsoft.com, acessada em Janeiro 2007OpenOffice, http://www.openoffice.org, acessada em Janeiro 2007http://lqta.iqm.unicamp.br, acessada em janeiro de 2007Njobuenwu, D. O.Amadi, S. AUkpaka, P. C.Can. J. Chem. Eng. 2005, 83, 985Costa, M.F.B., Costa, M.A.F., (2002) Quim. Nova, 3, p. 384Newell, C. J.Acree, S. D.Ross, R. R.Huling, S. G.Ground Water Issue, EPA/540/S-95/500, U.S.EPA, R.S.Kerr Environ. Res. Lab., Ada, OK, 1995Portaria 518 de 25 de Março de 2004, Ministério da Saúde, http://dtr2001.saude.gov.br/sas/PORTARIAS/Port2004/GM/GM-518.htm, acessada em Janeiro 2007Finnigan Xcalibur™ software, version 1.2, Califórnia, 1998-200

Assessment Of The Chemical Composition Of Waters Associated With Oil Production Using Parafac

In this work, Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was used to assess the composition of produced water in 8 oil wells, using their levels of salinity, calcium, magnesium, strontium, barium and sulphate (mg/L), collected during the years 2004 and 2005. This method allowed the identification of tracers for seawater and formation water, as well as identification of standards related to seasonality. The method indicates that the variables salinity, calcium and strontium are associated with formation water, while magnesium and sulphate are associated with water injection. These variables may be used as tracers to distinguish seawater, used as injection water, and formation water, and can be very useful to evaluate the produced water composition. Seasonality aspects are associated with the variation in the levels of sulphate and magnesium, which tend to increase over time while the levels of barium usually decrease.Chemical patterns related to the original reservoirs of each oil well, called A, B and C, also were observed. Samples collected in reservoir B presented the lowest salinity, calcium, strontium and barium levels and the highest magnesium and sulphate levels, while samples from reservoir A showed intermediate levels for the same variables. Reservoir C samples presented the highest values for salinity, calcium, strontium and barium, and the lowest levels of sulphate. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.1151824Bader, M.S.H., Sulfate removal technologies for oil fields seawater injection operations (2007) Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 55, pp. 93-110El-Said, M., Ramzi, M., Abdel-Moghny, T., Analysis of oilfield waters by ion chromatography to determine the composition of scale deposition (2009) Desalination, 249, pp. 748-756Webb, P.J., Kuhn, O., Enhanced scale management through the application of inorganic geochemistry and statistics (2004) SPE, , 87458Dudášová, D., Flåten, G.R., Sjöblom, J., Øye, G., Stability of binary and ternary model oil-field particle suspensions: a multivariate analysis approach (2009) Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 337, pp. 464-471Puntervold, T., Austad, T., Injection of seawater and mixtures with produced water into North Sea chalk formation: impact of fluid-rock interactions on wettability and scale formation (2008) Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 63, pp. 23-33Burga, J.D., Diccionário Geológico, Arth-Altuna, Peru, , http://htpp://www.arth-altuna.com/docs/DICCIONARIO%20GEOLOGICO.pdf, Available at, (Accessed on 02/Aug/2011)McFarlane, J., Application of chemometrics to modeling produced water contamination (2005) Separation Science and Technology, 40, pp. 593-609Kloppmann, W., Matray, J.M., Aranyossy, J.F., Contamination of the deep formation waters by drilling fluids: correction of the chemical and isotopic composition and evaluation of errors (2001) Applied Geochemistry, 16, pp. 1083-1096Jerez Vegueria, S.F., Godoy, J.M., Miekeley, N., Environmental impact studies of barium and radium discharges by produced waters from the "Bacia de Campos" oil-field offshore platforms (2002) Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 62, pp. 29-38Sirivedhin, T., Dallbauman, L., Organic matrix in produced water from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research site, Osage county (2004) Chemosphere, 57, pp. 463-469Birkle, P., García, B.M., Padrón, C.M.M., Eglington, B.M., Origin and evolution of formation water at the Jujo-Tecominoacán oil reservoir, Gulf of Mexico. Part 1: Chemical evolution and water-rock interaction (2009) Applied Geochemistry, 24, pp. 543-554Birkle, P., García, B.M., Padrón, C.M.M., Eglington, B.M., Origin and evolution of formation water at the Jujo-Tecominoacán oil reservoir, Gulf of Mexico. Part 2: isotopic and field-production evidence for fluid connectivity (2009) Applied Geochemistry, 24, pp. 555-573Remeljef, C.W., Statistical method to determine whether a wireline samples is 100% mud filtrate (1994) SPE, , 28796Bro, R., PARAFAC. Tutorial and applications (1997) Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 38, pp. 149-171Bro, R., Multi-way Analysis in the Food Industry (1998), http://www.models.life.ku.dk/sites/default/files/brothesis_0.pdf, PhD Thesis, Denmark, (, Accessed on 29/Sept/2011)Bro, R., Review on multiway analysis in chemistry-2000-2005 (2006) Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 36 (3-4), pp. 279-293Smilde, A.K., Bro, R., Geladi, P., (2004) Multiway Analysis: Applications in the Chemical Sciences, , John Wiley & Sons, New YorkCocchi, M., Durante, C., Marchetti, A., Armanino, C., Casale, M., Characterization and discrimination of different aged 'Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale di Modena' products by head space mass spectrometry and Chemometrics (2007) Analytica Chimica Acta, 589, pp. 96-104Idborg, H., Edlund, P.O., Jacobsson, S.P., Multivariate approaches for efficient detection of potential metabolites from liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data (2004) Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 18, pp. 944-954Grueiro-Noche, G., Andrade, J.M., Muniategui-Lorenzo, S., López-Mahía, P., Prada-Rodríguez, D., 3-Way pattern-recognition of PAHs from Galicia (NW Spain) seawater samples after the Prestige's wreck (2010) Environmental Pollution, 158, pp. 207-214Felipe-Sotelo, M., Andrade, J.M., Carlosena, A., Tauler, R., Temporal characterisation of river waters in urban and semi-urban areas using physico-chemical parameters and chemometric methods (2007) Analytica Chimica Acta, 583, pp. 128-137Kolda, T.G., Bader, B.W., Tensor decompositions and applications (2009) SIAM Review, 51, pp. 455-500Tomasi, G., Bro, R., PARAFAC and missing values (2005) Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 75, pp. 163-180Walczak, B., Massart, D.L., Dealing with missing data-Part I (2001) Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 58, pp. 15-27Bro, R., Kiers, H.A.L., A new efficient method for determining the number of components in PARAFAC models (2003) Journal of Chemometrics, 17, pp. 274-286(2010) PLS Toolbox 5.8, , Eigenvector Research, Inc., USA(2009) MatLab 7.8, , USA The MathWorks IncBinMerdhah, A.B., Yassin, A.A.M., Muherei, M.A., Laboratory and prediction of barium sulfate scaling at high-barium formation water (2010) Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 70, pp. 79-8

Associação Entre Variáveis Clínicas Relacionadas à Asma Em Escolares Nascidos Com Muito Baixo Peso Com E Sem Displasia Broncopulmonar

To assess the prevalence, spirometry findings and risk factors for asthma in schoolchildren who were very low birth weight infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Methods Observational and cross-sectional study. The parents and/or tutors answered the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The schoolchildren were submitted to the skin prick test and spirometry assessment. Results 54 schoolchildren who were very low birth weight infants were assessed and 43 met the criteria for spirometry. Age at the assessment (bronchopulmonary dysplasia=9.5±0.85; without bronchopulmonary dysplasia=10.1±0.86 years) and birth weight (bronchopulmonary dysplasia=916.7±251.2; without bronchopulmonary dysplasia=1171.3±190.5g) were lower in the group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p<0.05). The prevalence of asthma among very low birth weight infants was 17/54 (31.5%), being 6/18 (33.3%) in the group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There was an association between wool blanket use in the first year of life (p=0.026) with the presence of asthma at school age. The skin prick test was positive in 13/17 (76.5%) and 23/37 (62.2%) of patients with and without asthma, respectively. The schoolchildren with asthma had lower z-score values of forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (n=16;−1.04±1.19) when compared to the group of patients without asthma (n=27;−0.380.93) (p=0.049). There was no difference between the spirometry variables in the groups regarding the presence or absence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Conclusions Very low birth weight infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia showed a high prevalence of asthma (33.3% and 30.6%, respectively). Pulmonary flow in the small airways was lower in children with asthma. © 2016 Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo34327128