Infecção natural por Platynosomum fastosum em felino doméstico no município de Alegre, Espírito Santo e sucesso no tratamento com praziquantel

Platynosomum sp. é um trematódeo encontrado em áreas tropicais e subtropicais e acomete felinos domésticos, sendo a principal via de transmissão a ingestão das lagartixas, contendo as formas infectantes, as metacercárias e parasitando fígado, vesícula biliar e ductos biliares. Na maioria dos animais infectados cursa com a forma assintomática, porém, a severidade da doença está associada com a carga, o tempo e a resposta individual do animal parasitado. O exame coproparasitológico é fundamental para possível diagnóstico, pela visualização de ovos operculados. O estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de um felino doméstico naturalmente infectado por Platynosomum fastosum no município de Alegre, Espírito Santo. A felina possuía acesso à rua com hábito de caçar e foi submetida a exame coproparasitológico para estudo epidemiológico de verminoses de gatos do município de Alegre-ES. No exame foi encontrado ovos de P. fastosum por meio da técnica parasitológica de centrífugo-flutuação. Não foram vistas alterações clínicas e no exame ultrassonográfico. A partir disso, foi tratada com praziquantel na dose de 20 mg/kg continuado por 3 dias. O exame coproparasitológico foi repetido uma semana e 10 meses após o tratamento obtendo-se resultados negativos evidenciando o sucesso da terapêutica. Dessa forma, os dados presentes nesse relato buscam atentar para casos de platinossomíases e introduzir os exames coproparasitológicos na rotina

Myelodysplastic Syndrome Progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia in a Cat FeLV Seroreactive

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of non-lymphoid hematological tumors characterized by aberrant proliferation and/or decreased apoptosis of a clone of non-mature cells, resulting in the accumulation of immature blast cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is considered rare, as it represents 10% of neoplasms of hematopoietic origin. However, it is known that felines seroreactive for FIV and FeLV are more predisposed and reports of this type of leukemia in cats in the literature are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the blood and bone marrow of a cat seroreactive for FeLV that presented with myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia.  Case: A 6-year-old male mixed-breed cat, neutered, seroreactive for FeLV, showed apathy, weight loss, and pale mucous membranes. Initial peripheral blood smear evaluation revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytosis with many macropackets and giant platelets. Based on this blood picture, a long-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin and clavulanate [Clavulin® BD - 25 mg/kg, every 12 h] was started. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor used filgrastim (rHu G-CSF) [Fiprina® - 5 µg/kg, SC, every 48 h] and appetite stimulant mirtazapine [Mirtz® - 2 mg/cat, orally, every 48 h] were used to correct leukopenia and nutritional status, respectively. Follow-up blood smear evaluation on the 30th day showed persistence of the hematological changes noticed earlier. A bone marrow puncture was performed, and immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone [Predsim® - 4 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h] was initiated. The aspirated material showed increased cellularity for age, decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio, and 39.8% of blasts of myeloid origin. An average of 17.7 megakaryocytes were observed per field (10x magnification). Bone marrow cytological evaluation suggested acute myeloid leukemia with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis. After the diagnosis, the examinations were repeated monthly, and there was still intense leukopenia. However, in view of the stable clinical status and leukopenia with neutropenia, treatment for leukemia was not instituted and only supportive treatment was administered when necessary. Eight months after the diagnosis, clinical status had worsened, and unlike the earlier hemograms, global leukocyte count had increased with predominant lymphocytosis (95% of the total leukocytes) with atypical lymphocytes. The cat died a few days later.  Discussion: Bone marrow evaluation is indicated when peripheral blood cell abnormalities are present and cannot be explained in the context of the clinical history. In the present report, the bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular (cellularity above 75%); however, intense leukopenia was observed in the peripheral blood. In myelodysplastic syndromes, it is common for the bone marrow to be normal to hypercellular, which occurs when there is a greater production of myeloid or erythroid cell lines in response to the loss, destruction, or consumption of cells. Despite this, cytopenias may be present in the peripheral blood, since the defective cells undergo apoptosis and die before being released into the circulation, characterizing inefficient hematopoiesis. The diagnosis of acute leukemia comprises a variety of hematopoietic neoplasms that are complex and unique. Each acute leukemia subtype has defining characteristics that affect the prognosis and treatment of each animal. Keywords: tumours, myeloid neoplasm, SMD, LMA, bone marrow cytology, feline

Sucessful treatment of feline demodicosis with orally sarolaner – Case Report

Demodicose é uma dermatose parasitária considerada incomum no gato doméstico. Este estudo tem como objetivo relatar o primeiro sucesso terapêutico do sarolaner por via oral no tratamento de Demodex spp. em um gato naturalmente infestado no Brasil. Um gato adulto, positivo para o vírus da leucemia felina e em tratamento com glicocorticóides, apresentava sinais clínicos da pele como prurido intenso, hiperceratose, lignificação, fragilidade da pele e alopecia simétrica. O diagnóstico foi confirmado em arranhões na pele, impressão em tiras de acetato e exame coproparasitológico. Após o diagnóstico, o sarolaner foi administrado por via oral (4mg / kg). A avaliação foi realizada com arranhões na pele 24, 48 horas e 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após o tratamento. Após 21 dias, nenhum ácaro foi observado e houve uma melhora na fragilidade da pele e na repilação parcial. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, pode-se concluir que o sarolaner foi eficaz no tratamento da sarna demodécica felina

Clinical and cytological evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis in ears of dogs

ABSTRACT. Campos D.R., Guberman U.C., Suhett W.G. & Aptekmann K.P. [Clinical and cytological evaluation of Malassezia pachydermatis in ears of dogs.] Caracterização clínica e citológica de Malassezia Pachydermatis da orelha de cães. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2):344-346, 2014. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/nº, Cx Postal 16, Guararema, Alegre, ES 29500-000, Brasil. E- -mail: [email protected] Otitis externa has a multifactorial etiology, which may be caused by bacteria, fungi and/or mites. Fungal otitis may be secondary to other agents, mixed (when there is an association of fungi and bacteria) and, more rarely, primary. The main fungal agents are Candida spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. The most common clinical signs are head shaking, local pain, pinna lesions, otological pruritus and cerumen accumulation. Infection with M. pachydermatis has a dark brown, moist and malodorour cerumen. The objective of this study was to correlate the presence of M. pachydermatis in exudate cytology with clinical manifestations observed in dogs. Cerumen was collected from 86 dogs in a hospital population, independent of age, breed or sex. It was filled up a form containing information about animal identification, clinical signs and otology therapy. Slides were prepared for microscopic examination of cerumen, stained by quick Dift Quick®. It was counted the number of M. pachydermatis by field. A correlation between the presence of cerumen and pruritus was verified. No correlation between the amount of M. pachydermatis observed in cerumen examination and the presence of ear exudate and itching was found in dogs

Influência da idade de Ctenocephalides felis felis (SIPHONAPTERA, PULICIDAE) adultos na resposta ao fipronil em teste in vitro

Ctenocephalides felis felis é um ectoparasito da ordem sifonada de grande importância na medicina veterinária e na saúde pública. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes idades de adultos da espécie C. felis felis suscetibilidade ao fipronil quando submetido a teste in vitro . Foram utilizadas pulgas adultas oriundas da colônia laboratorial de C. felis felis . Uma metodologia utilizada foi a impregnação de papel com filtro com concentração de 0,008mg.cm -² Foram formados oito grupos experimentais, de acordo com a idade das pulgas (Grupos de 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias). O critério de avaliação usado foi de mobilidade, avaliado em 24 e 48 horas após o desafio. Após 24 horas, após 21 dias de eclodidas, obtém-se um índice de 100% de mortalidade, que diminui de acordo com a idade. Como 14 dias obtiveram 98,3% de mortalidade, 7 dias 93,1% e 0 dias 86,7%. No período de 48 horas, o fipronil apresenta 100% de eficácia em todos os idades. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que a idade da pulsa não influenciou na resposta do teste in vitro quanto à suscetibilidade ao fipronil, em 24 e 48 horas

Efficacy of sarolaner (Simparic™) against induced infestations of Amblyomma cajennense on dogs

Abstract Background Amblyomma cajennense is the main vector of Rickettsia rickettsii which causes Brazilian spotted fever. This adult tick preferably infests horses and capybaras, but has low host specificity during its immature stages, thus posing a threat to humans and dogs. In this study, the efficacy of sarolaner (Simparic™/Simparica®, Zoetis) when administered once orally to dogs at 2 mg/kg was evaluated against induced infestations of A. cajennense nymphs for up to 35 days after treatment. Methods Based on pretreatment tick counts, 20 dogs were randomly allocated to treatment with sarolaner (Simparic™) dosed at 2 mg/kg of body weight or a placebo on Day 0 of the study. Artificial infestations were performed using laboratory raised A. cajennense nymphs on study days -2, 5, 12, 19, 26 and 33. Efficacy was determined at 48 h post-treatment or post-infestation at each time point relative to the counts for dogs that received placebo. Results There were no adverse reactions to treatment. A single dose of sarolaner (Simparic™) provided 100% efficacy on study days 2, 7 and 14; and ≥ 99.6% on days 21, 28 and 35. Geometric mean live tick counts for sarolaner were significantly lower than those for placebo on all days (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Under the conditions of the present study, sarolaner (Simparic™) administered once orally at 2 mg/kg provided 100% efficacy against existing infestations and ≥ 99.6% efficacy within 48 h against weekly challenges of A. cajennense for at least 35 days after treatment