Adults density of Grapholita molesta in cages : Mendoza (Argentina)

Grapholita molesta es una importante plaga que afecta brotes y frutos del duraznero en Mendoza, Argentina. Algunos autores han citado que Carpocapsa pomonella requiere, en condiciones artificiales, una densidad poblacional de 100 adultos para alcanzar una alta fecundidad y que esta situación se puede extender a la especie en estudio. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar distintas densidades poblacionales de la especie mediante la fecundidad, viabilidad y longevidad. La especie se crió en una cámara con condiciones abióticas controladas. El diseño fue en bloques al azar para eliminar la influencia de la luz y el desarrollo generacional. Se realizaron cuatro repeticiones. Los resultados se procesaron mediante el programa Statistica. El análisis de los resultados entre bloques y tratamientos no tuvo diferencias significativas por lo que no hubo variación en la incidencia de la luz y el desarrollo generacional. La viabilidad tuvo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos mientras que la fecundidad y la longevidad no las presentaron. La densidad poblacional influyó positivamente sobre la viabilidad cuando la cantidad de parejas fue la menor y disminuyó al incrementarse la proporción de las mismas. Es decir, el hacinamiento de los individuos afectó la viabilidad de Grapholita molesta pero no la fecundidad ni la longevidad.Grapholita molesta is an important pest that affects buds and fruits of peach tree in Mendoza, Argentina. Some authors have mentioned that Carpocapsa pomonella requires, in artificial conditions, a population density of 100 adults to reach high fecundity and this situation can be extended to Grapholita molesta. This work was done in order to evaluate different population densities of Grapholita molesta by mean of fecundity, viability and longevity. Rearing was made in a chamber with controlled abiotic conditions. Experimental design was blocks at random to eliminate light and generational development influence. It was made 4 replications. Results were processed by mean of Statistica software. Analysis of results between blocks and treatments did not have significant differences reason why there was no variation in the incidence of light and generational development. Viability had significant differences among treatments. Fecundity and longevity did not present significant differences. Population density influenced positively on viability when couple amount was the least, and it decreased when proportion of the same ones was increased. That is to say, individual stacking affected Grapholita molesta viability but it did not affect fecundity nor longevity.Fil: Ribbert, Diego Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias BiológicasFil: Marín, María Susana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológica

Concpetual Design of WWW Based Information Systems

Today, companies and their information systems are facing a very dynamic and fast changing environment. Fast changing demands require varying information in varying places. Users must find relevant information in a fast and perspicuous way. Thus, information systems both have to be flexible and clearly structured to fulfill these requirements and be able to handle the increasing amount of information efficiently. WWW-based information systems provide flexibility as they separate content, layout and navigation. However, several conceptual shortcomings prevent the Web from being a more productive and efficient resource of information today. Several technical enhancements (e.g. the semantic web) have been made in order to solve these problems. However, a theoretically proved and easy to use modeling method for WWW-based information systems is still missing. Our modeling method allows modeling these information systems on a conceptual level by abstracting from technical details. By this, meaningful navigation structures can be achieved with great clarity. In this paper we will develop this method using a meta-model based approach

An Epistemological Foundation of Concpetual Modeling

In a business environment, making the right decisions is vital for the success of a company. Making right decisions is inevitably bound to the availability and provision of relevant information. Information systems are supposed to be able to provide this information in an efficient way. Thus, within information systems development a detailed analysis of information supply and information demands has to prevail. Based on Szyperski’s information set and subset-model we will give an epistemological foundation of information modeling in general and show, why conceptual modeling in particular is capable of developing effective and efficient information systems. Furthermore, we derive conceptual modeling requirements based on our findings

Effectiveness of inpatient versus outpatient complex treatment programs in depressive disorders: a quasi-experimental study under naturalistic conditions.

Driessen M, Schulz P, Jander S, et al. Effectiveness of inpatient versus outpatient complex treatment programs in depressive disorders: a quasi-experimental study under naturalistic conditions. BMC psychiatry. 2019;19(1): 380.BACKGROUND: Due to long waiting periods for outpatient psychotherapy and the high resource requirements of inpatient treatment, there is a need for alternative treatment programs for patients with depressive disorders. Thus, we investigated the effectiveness of the "Bielefeld Outpatient Intensive Treatment Program of Depression" (BID) in comparison with a typical inpatient treatment program by using a prospective quasi-experimental observational study. We assumed (i) that both complex programs are effective in pre-post analyses after 6 weeks and (ii) that inpatient treatment is more effective compared with the outpatient program.; METHODS: Four hundred patients with depressive psychopathology - a majority with depressive episodes (ICD-10 F3X) - took part in the BID and 193 in the inpatient program. Different self- (i.e., BDI) and expert measures (i.e., MADRS) of psychopathology at baseline (t1) and 6 weeks later (t2) were applied to examine treatment effects.; RESULTS: Treatment effects were high in separate analyses of both groups with Cohen's d ranging from 1.10 to 1.76., while ANOVA comparative analyses did not reveal any significant differences between both treatment settings nor did a set of independent covariates analyzed here. Response rates of BDI (p=.002) and MADRS (p=.001) were higher in the outpatient group. Results indicate BID not to be inferior compared to an inpatient program, although diverging pathways to treatment, higher rates of clinical recurrent depressive disorders and severe episodes as well as lower rates of employment and partnership in the inpatient treatment group have to be considered.; CONCLUSION: Outpatient intensive treatment programs may represent a solution for patients needing more than a treatment session once per week but less than a complex inpatient or day clinic program

The fetal profile line:a proposal for a sonographic reference line to classify forehead and mandible anomalies in the second and third trimester

Objectives To test the fetal profile (FP) line, defined as the line that passes through the anterior border of the mandible and the nasion, as a reference line for forehead and mandible anomalies. Methods Volumes of 248 normal and 24 pathological fetuses (1636 and 1937?weeks gestation, respectively) were analysed retrospectively. When the FP line passes anteriorly, across or posteriorly to the frontal bone, this was defined as negative, zero or positive, respectively. When the FP line was positive the distance (F distance) between the FP line and the frontal bone was measured. Results No cases with a negative FP line were found in the normal fetuses. Before 27?weeks gestation the FP line was always zero except in one case. After 27?weeks gestation the FP line was positive in up to 25% (F distance (mean, range): 2.8, 2.13.6?mm). The FP line correctly identified 13 cases with retrognathia, 5 cases with frontal bossing and 3 cases with a sloping forehead. Conclusion Although large prospective studies are needed, the FP line may be a useful tool to detect second trimester profile anomalies such as retrognathia, sloping forehead and frontal bossing with the possibility of quantifying the latter. (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd