Nanostring-based multigene assay to predict recurrence for gastric cancer patients after surgery

10.1371/journal.pone.0090133PLoS ONE93-POLN

Multiexciton Solar Cells of CuInSe₂ Nanocrystals

Peak external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of just over 120% were observed in photovoltaic (PV) devices of CuInSe₂ nanocrystals prepared with a photonic curing process. The extraction of more than one electron/hole pair as a result of the absorption of a single photon can occur if multiple excitons are generated and extracted. Multiexciton generation (MEG) in the nanocrystal films was substantiated by transient absorption spectroscopy. We propose that photonic curing leads to sufficient electronic coupling between nanocrystals to enable multiexciton extraction under typical solar illumination conditions. Under low light conditions, however, the EQE drops significantly, indicating that photonic curing-induced ligand desorption creates a significant amount of traps in the film that limit the overall power conversion efficiency of the device

Multiexciton Solar Cells of CuInSe₂ Nanocrystals

Peak external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of just over 120% were observed in photovoltaic (PV) devices of CuInSe₂ nanocrystals prepared with a photonic curing process. The extraction of more than one electron/hole pair as a result of the absorption of a single photon can occur if multiple excitons are generated and extracted. Multiexciton generation (MEG) in the nanocrystal films was substantiated by transient absorption spectroscopy. We propose that photonic curing leads to sufficient electronic coupling between nanocrystals to enable multiexciton extraction under typical solar illumination conditions. Under low light conditions, however, the EQE drops significantly, indicating that photonic curing-induced ligand desorption creates a significant amount of traps in the film that limit the overall power conversion efficiency of the device

Confidence in Imitation: Niche-Width Strategy in the UK Automobile Industry

Our study examines the imitation behavior of UK automobile manufacturers from 1894 to 1981 and supports previous studies on interorganizational imitation by showing that manufacturers tend to imitate other manufacturers that are similar. We also find that the degree of confidence manufacturers have in their imitating behavior affects the intensity of that behavior, where an organization's confidence is determined by the variance of the routines used by its reference group and the number of firms in the reference group. Our results show that (1) manufacturers whose reference groups showed large variance in niche-width changes during the previous year are less likely to imitate (the mean of) those changes, (2) manufacturers who have large reference groups are more likely to imitate the changes, and (3) the negative effect of variance on the imitating behavior is strengthened as the number of reference organizations increases.niche-width strategy, interfirm imitation, confidence