Capillary electrophoresis (CE): a powerful tool to characterize humic acid (HA)

The present study evaluates the possibility of eliminating the purification steps involved in the characterization of HA by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The HAs of various sources were analyzed, showing different electropherograms by CZE, which depend on the charge and size of HA. The data suggest that the purification of the sample is not necessary to characterize HAs. Based on the results, CZE showed to be a promising tool to characterize HA of different origins without the purification step of the sample.Neste estudo, avaliou-se a possibilidade de eliminação das etapas de purificação envolvidas na caracterização de HA. HA de diferentes fontes foram analisados por CZE apresentando diferentes eletroferogramas. Essas diferenças observadas mostram que a caracterização do HA por CZE depende da carga e do tamanho do HA. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho sugerem que não é necessária a purificação da amostra para a caracterização de HA por CZE. Baseados nos resultados, a CZE mostrou-se uma ferramenta promissora para caracterização de HA de diferentes origens sem a etapa de purificação da amostra.CNPqFAPES

COMPORTAMENTO SORTIDO DOS HERBICIDAS S-TRIAZINAS EM SOLO E EM ÁCIDOS HÚMICOS

Os fenômenos de adsorção e dessorção dos herbicidas Simazina e Propazina em amostras de solo e de ácido húmico foram estudados.  Utilizou-se a técnica da cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência (HPLC),  com detector ultravioleta para a determinação dos herbicidas.  Os dados da adsorção e dessorção foram ajustados para a equação de Freundlich com o objetivo de analisar o comportamento sortivo de Simazina e Propazina no solo e no ácido húmico.  O estudo da adsorção dessorção no solo e no ácido húmico evidenciou que o ácido húmico constitui-se em importante fator na retenção dos herbicidas s-triazinas

Processo de estabilização de resíduos orgânicos: vermicompostagem versus compostagem

Two processes are used to stabilize organic wastes: composting and vermicomposting.There are no studies in the literature showing which process is most effective over the short term. In this study, 3 organic wastes were composted and vermicomposted for 90 days, and the parameters pH, effective cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, Ptotal, E4/E6 ratio, hydrophobicity and aromaticity indexes were determined. In all experiments, vermicomposted materials showed higher stability, proving a superior tool for stabilization of these organic wastes

Comportamento dos herbicidas atrazina e alaclor aplicados em solo preparado para o cultivo de cana-de-açucar

Atrazine and alachlor herbicides are widely and extensively used in agriculture for the control of a variety of weeds. These herbicides are quite mobile in soil and there is a concern that they may contaminate the environment, specially surface and ground water and soils. The results suggest that alachlor and atrazine present similar behavior in the environment, but alaclhor dissipates with greater rate

Determination of Pentachlorophenol and Hexachlorobenzene in Natural Waters Affected by Industrial Chemical Residues

This paper presents the development of a methodology for the simultaneous analysis of pentachlorophenol and hexachlorobenzene in natural waters affected by industrial residues, as its principal goal. Samples were collected in Quarentenário, São Vicente city, where most of the population utilize wells for their supply. The liquid-liquid extraction employed to remove PCP and HCB from the matrix for further identification and quantification, showed very good recovery and repeatability. The recovery range was between 81.5% and 103.0%, with a relative standard deviation of 2.4% and 4.1% for a fortification level of 10 ng L-1. In addition, organochlorine compounds were determined by GC-ECD and/or GC-MS. The limit of quantification was 5 ng L-1 for PCP and 2 ng L-1 for HCB, which are below the maximum level allowed by the EC directives for pesticide residues in drinking water