Bioindicação de qualidade do solo do bioma cerrado sob diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo

FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Urease é uma enzima que catalisa a hidrólise da uréia em dióxido de carbono, amônia e água, sendo que sua atividade no solo pode ser avaliada monitorando a concentração dos produtos ou reagentes dessa reação. O presente trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para a avaliação da atividade enzimática da urease no solo, a partir da quantificação do íon amônio, produto da hidrólise da ureia, utilizando um sistema de análise por injeção em fluxo com difusão gasosa e detecção condutométrica. Os resultados foram comparados com um método colorimétrico. A resposta de condutividade foi avaliada para os parâmetros de fluxo e concentração de NaOH. O método apresentou faixa linear de 0,02 a 4,0 mmol L-1 de NH4 +, limite de quantificação de 0,07 mmol L-1 e frequência analítica teórica de 28 amostras h-1. O método proposto apresentou precisão e exatidão comparável ao método colorimétrico, porém a praticidade, a elevada frequência analítica são grandes atrativos para a utilização do método proposto na avaliação da atividade enzimática da uréase no solo, com relação a metodologia colorimétrica. Sabe-se que a agricultura convencional pode afetar os atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, acarretando a diminuição da qualidade desse. Diante das alterações que o manejo da agricultura pode causar no solo, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar cinco áreas com diferentes manejos e coberturas de solo, buscando demonstrar alterações físico-químicas e microbiológicas do solo. Duas amostras de solo foram coletadas em áreas sob vegetação nativa do bioma cerrado e outras amostras foram coletadas em área de pastagem, área de cultivo de milho verão e área com cultivo de sorgo. Foram avaliados os atributos pH em água e CaCl2, fósforo assimilável (PAssimilável), ponto de carga zero (PCZ), atividade microbiana pela respiração basal do solo (RBS), carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) e carbono lábil (Clábil), e a atividade enzimática da uréase (AU). Analisando os resultados de RBS e CBM observa-se que não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação ao manejo do solo, no entanto Clábil, Passimilável, pH, PCZ e AU do solo sofreram influência em relação a situação de manejo, principalmente quando comparado aos valores do solo sob vegetação nativa e área de cultivo de milho. O manejo do solo não afetou a atividade microbiana do solo, em específico, microrganismos geradores de C-CO2, com exceção do CBM e Clábil. A acidez e o PCZ do solo sofreram alterações em virtude da aplicação de corretivos. O solo sob cultivo de milho foi o que apresentou resultados de bioindicação de qualidade de solo mais compatíveis com o solo sob vegetação nativa, evidenciando que o solo sob cultivo de milho apresentou os melhores resultados com relação ao fósforo assimilável

Multispectral images to discriminate sources of fertilizer in coffee trees

Coffee fertilization is key for the entire plant development and must be managed according to the phenological stage of the crop. The source and dose of the fertilizer to be used is an important choice, as it affects not only productivity but also the chemical and biological properties of the soil. Remote monitoring of the management of coffee crops is necessary as the demand in decision-making, where the aim is to rise production based on sustainable management is in a constant growth. In this work, we evaluated the potential of images obtained by low-cost sensors in the discrimination of sources of mineral and organomineral fertilizers in coffee. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five blocks and six treatments, as follows: (TI) - 100% of the organomineral treatment; (T2) - 70% of the organomineral treatment; (T3) - 50% of the organomineral treatment; (T4) - 100% of mineral fertilization; (T5) - 70% of mineral fertilization (T6) - standard treatment of the farm. After management, we used the Mapir 3 Survey3W camera coupled to an ARP drone – Phantom4 to take images of the experiment over a 12-month vegetative period. Combined with image taking, we collected agronomic parameters of coffee growth and productivity for two crops and concluded that different fertilization doses did not significantly affect the analyzed characteristics. Based on the supervised classification of multispectral images, it was possible to discriminate treatments with a higher degree of accuracy (86.66% accuracy) than when analyzing coffee growth parameters.Dissertação (Mestrado)A adubação do cafeeiro é um ponto fundamental para todo o desenvolvimento da planta e deve ser manejada em função do estádio fenológico da cultura. A fonte e a dose de fertilizante a ser utilizada é uma escolha importante, afetando não apenas a produtividade, mas também as propriedades químicas e biológicas do solo. O monitoramento remoto do manejo das lavouras cafeeiras faz-se necessário a uma demanda cada vez mais crescente nas tomadas de decisão, onde o intuito é promover o aumento da produção com base no manejo sustentável. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o potencial de imagens obtidas por sensores de baixo custo na discriminação de fontes de adubo mineral e organomineral em cafeeiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco blocos e seis tratamentos, sendo: (TI) 100% do tratamento com organomineral, (T2) 70% do tratamento com organomineral, (T3) 50% do tratamento com organomineral, (T4) 100% da adubação mineral, (T5) 70% da adubação mineral e (T6) tratamento padrão da propriedade. Após o manejo utilizamos a câmera Mapir 3 Survey3W acoplada a uma ARP drone – Phantom4 para tomar imagens do experimento ao longo de período vegetativo de 12 meses. Concomitante a tomada de imagens coletamos parâmetros agronômicos de crescimento do cafeeiro e produtividade por duas safras e concluímos que diferentes doses de adubação não afetaram significativamente as características analisadas. A partir da classificação supervisionada de imagens multiespectrais foi possível discriminar tratamentos com maior grau de acurácia (86,66% de acerto) do que quando analisados parâmetros de crescimento do cafeeiro.2022-03-2

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Health-status outcomes with invasive or conservative care in coronary disease

BACKGROUND In the ISCHEMIA trial, an invasive strategy with angiographic assessment and revascularization did not reduce clinical events among patients with stable ischemic heart disease and moderate or severe ischemia. A secondary objective of the trial was to assess angina-related health status among these patients. METHODS We assessed angina-related symptoms, function, and quality of life with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at randomization, at months 1.5, 3, and 6, and every 6 months thereafter in participants who had been randomly assigned to an invasive treatment strategy (2295 participants) or a conservative strategy (2322). Mixed-effects cumulative probability models within a Bayesian framework were used to estimate differences between the treatment groups. The primary outcome of this health-status analysis was the SAQ summary score (scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health status). All analyses were performed in the overall population and according to baseline angina frequency. RESULTS At baseline, 35% of patients reported having no angina in the previous month. SAQ summary scores increased in both treatment groups, with increases at 3, 12, and 36 months that were 4.1 points (95% credible interval, 3.2 to 5.0), 4.2 points (95% credible interval, 3.3 to 5.1), and 2.9 points (95% credible interval, 2.2 to 3.7) higher with the invasive strategy than with the conservative strategy. Differences were larger among participants who had more frequent angina at baseline (8.5 vs. 0.1 points at 3 months and 5.3 vs. 1.2 points at 36 months among participants with daily or weekly angina as compared with no angina). CONCLUSIONS In the overall trial population with moderate or severe ischemia, which included 35% of participants without angina at baseline, patients randomly assigned to the invasive strategy had greater improvement in angina-related health status than those assigned to the conservative strategy. The modest mean differences favoring the invasive strategy in the overall group reflected minimal differences among asymptomatic patients and larger differences among patients who had had angina at baseline

Initial invasive or conservative strategy for stable coronary disease

BACKGROUND Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, 121.8 percentage points; 95% CI, 124.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used