Composição química e características fermentativas de silagens de cana-de-açúcar contendo farelo de babaçu

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of babassu meal addition on chemical composition and fermentative characteristics of sugar cane silages. The addition of three concentrations of babassu meal (0; 15 and 30% in fresh matter) was evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replicates. As expe- rimental silos 12 plastic buckets were used, provided with filter closing to allow the exit of fermentation gases. After 45 days, the silos were opened and samples were taken for the determination of dry matter (MS), crude protein (PB), neutral and acid detergent fibers (FDN, FDA) and hemicelluloses (Hem) content, pH values, total acidity quantification (ATT), losses by gases (PG) and effluents (PE). The addition of babassu meal increased the MS contents (38.4% e 40.6%), PB (7.8 e 8.9%), FDN (68.8% e 70.9%) and FDA (43.0% and 45.1%), respectively, with the addition of 15 and 30% of the by-product. The pH values, averaged 4.4, were not affected by the addition of babassu meal. The percentage of ATT increased 89.2%. PG and PE were reduced in 44.8 and 58.8%, respectively. The addition of babassu meal have contributed to the improvement of fermen- tative parameters and the concentration of CP in the sugar cane silages. However, its use as additive becomes limited due to the increase in fiber content that provides to the silages, depreciating its nutritive value.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adição do farelo de babaçu na composição química e carac- terísticas fermentativas de silagens de cana-de- açúcar. Foram avaliadas três concentrações de adição do farelo de babaçu (0; 15 e 30% na matéria natural) em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições cada. Como silos experimentais foram utilizados 12 baldes plásticos, providos de torneira de filtro para per- mitir a saída dos gases produzidos durante a fermentação. Os silos foram abertos com 45 dias de ensilagem e amostras foram colhidas para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), de proteína bruta (PB), de fibra em detergente neutro e ácido (FDN e FDA), de hemicelulose (Hem), valores de pH, acidez total titulável (ATT), perdas por gases (PG) e por efluentes (PE). A adição de farelo de babaçu elevou os teores de MS (38,4% e 40,6%), de PB (7,8 e 8,9%), de FDN (68,8% e 70,9%) e de FDA (43,0% e 45,1%), respectiva- mente com a adição de 15 e 30% de subproduto. O pH não foi influenciado pela adição do farelo de babaçu, apresentando valor médio de 4,4. Já os percentuais de ATT foram elevados em 89,2%. Por sua vez as PG e PE foram reduzidas em 44,8 e 58,8%, respectivamente. Apesar da adição do farelo de babaçu ter contribuído para a melhoria dos parâmetros fermentativos e da concentração de PB das silagens de cana-de-açúcar, a utilização do mesmo como aditivo torna-se limitada devido ao aumento dos teores de fibra que esse subproduto proporciona às silagens, depreciando valor nutri- tivo das mesmas

Supplementary Material for: Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary condition in a large family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2). Eighteen participants diagnosed with CMT2 and 20 healthy individuals were evaluated by spirometry and maximal expiratory and maximal inspiratory pressures (MEP and MIP, respectively). Clinical disability was measured with CMT neuropathy score (CMTNS; range 0-36). One control group (CG) comprising 20 individuals, matched for age, sex and body mass index, were used for comparison. Eight patients were female (44.5%) and 10 patients were male (55.5%); mean age was 31.8 years (range 11-79) and CMTNS range was 6-26. Differences between CMT2 and CG in the spirometry and respiratory muscle strength were statistically significant for all dimensions. There were significant correlations between CMTNS and MIP (Pearson = -0.581) and MEP (Pearson = -0.5090). The results of this study show that patients with CMT, in spite of not showing clinical signs of advanced respiratory impairment, may present subclinical respiratory changes. The respiratory comprise in the CMT disease can be silent and insidious without presenting characteristic clinical signals