Criteria of Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research

Introduction: Today, with emerging qualitative methodology, questions about the validity and reliability in qualitative research findings have raised. According to different views about validity and reliability of qualitative research, this study aimed to determine the main criteria of validity and reliability in qualitative research from the view pointes of experts groups. Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive research, internet scientific search was done in national and international valid databases including Irandoc, PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Thomson Reuters Web of Science using keywords about the validity and reliability of qualitative research. The articles focusing on the validity and reliability in qualitative research in the area of health and hygiene during the years after 2002 were extracted and assessed. Results: A total of 25 research and review articles, and other resources related to reliability and validity of qualitative research since 2002 were extracted and assessed. There were variety of methods, and interpretive viewpoints about the validity and reliability of qualitative researches. Evaluation methods to gain credibility and reliability in qualitative researches depended on researchers' ontological, epistemological, and theoretical attitudes and insights. Conclusion: Any researcher depending on his/her theoretical insights selects a separated method to assess the reliability of their qualitative researches. The reliability and validity in qualitative researches depend on asking principle questions about the nature of research, recognition of it, the logic governing it, and the trustworthiness of results. Keywords: Trustworthiness, Qualitative research, Reliability, Validit

Application of Transitional Care Model in Patients with Chronic Heart Disease: A Case-Controlled Intervention Study

People with chronic heart disease are surroundedby many problems due to the natureof their illness. These include physicalproblems and disabilities in the daily activities of life, emotionalproblems as well as social and economic problemsthat are all the consequences of heart disease. The designand implementation of new care models as well as newmanagerial approaches are necessary to improve care andpatients’ access to better outcomes and, in general, toimprove the quality of life of this group of patients.The present study aims to investigate the effect of transitionalcare on quality of life in patients with chronic heartfailure in physical, emotional-spiritual, and socioeconomicdimensions.The present study is an experimental study on patientswith chronic heart failure who need nursing care duringhospitalization and after discharge from hospital. Thedata collection tool is Minnesota Living with Heart FailureQuestionnaire (MLHFQ). The sampling method is random.After the referral to the emergency department, the liaisonnurses randomly assigned samples to intervention andcontrol groups. The intervention group was followed upand trained by the liaison nurse for 6 months. The controlgroup members were hospitalized as usual and wentthrough their treatment process. A total of 168 sampleswere evaluated in both intervention and control groups.The results of the study show that the quality of life ofpatients in the intervention group is significantly higherthan the control group in different physical, emotionalspiritual,and socioeconomic dimensions (P <.05).In the transitional care model, nursing care focuses on improvingthe quality of care in various physical, emotionalspiritual,and socioeconomic dimensions, which leads toincreased patient and family outcomes, reduced hospitalizationcosts for patients with chronic heart disease, andincreased role and effect of home care provided

Customer Relationship Management in Agile Healthcare Organizations

Today, several studies in the field to identify key factors in the success and agility of health care organizations to improve their performance in the face of changes have taken place in the context of customer relationship management among them. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of customer relationship management, goals and benefits by considering its relationship with value creation for clients and treatment. Results showed concern for organizations today, creating customer satisfaction at the highest customer loyalty, which requires involvement in the value chain activities and decisions of the organization. Keywords: Management, Customer relationship, Customer Orientation, Value, Healthcare Service JEL Classifications: C32; O13; O4

Feasibility of providing Namaste managed care to the elderly with Alzheimer's disease

Introduction & Background: Caring for the elderly with Alzheimer's is a daunting task and trained nurses have the most important role to play in providing quality care to these patients. Since no study has been conducted in the country on the possibility of administering Namaste managed care to the elderly with Alzheimer's disease, the present research was designed and conducted with the aim of investigating the possibility of implementing Namaste care for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Methods: In order to assess the feasibility of performing Namaste managed care, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed and developed by reviewing scientific databases (ISI, PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest), reviewing relevant texts and using the opinions of experts. The research tool has 25 questions that are organized in two parts and its validity and reliability are calculated by the researcher. The first part contains the demographic information of the participant and the second part is designed in three dimensions of human resource capability, organizational culture and management commitment in order to estimate the possibility of implementing new methods of care in the nursing home. Results: The research findings show that the possibility of implementing Namaste managed care in the dimension of human resource capability with an average of 4.18 is the highest and then the organizational culture dimension with an average of 3.89 and finally the dimension of management commitment with an average of 3.84 is the lowest.  Also, the average feasibility score was 3.95 with a standard deviation of 0.22 and the total mean was 98.8. Therefore, according to the results (total average above 75) done the study is possible. Conclusion: Due to the rapid increase in the elderly population, the most important challenge of the health system today is to create a comprehensive care system for the elderly. Many of these patients are kept by unskilled people in unauthorized centers. Trained nurses and appropriate places play the most important role in providing a suitable environment and providing quality care for the elderly with Alzheimer's disease

Introducing a new nursing care model for patients with chronic conditions

According to a world health organization (WHO) report, chronic diseases annually kill over 35 million people worldwide, and 80% of those chronic disease related deaths occur in low and middle income countries. Increased incidence of chronic disease in Iran is a cause of re-hospitalizations and economic burden. Using a new nursing care model for patients with chronic disease is a strategy to reduce re-hospitalization of these patients, increase patient satisfaction and improve the outcome for patients with specific conditions. The aim of this study was to review and introduce a transitional care model (TCM) as a new nursing care model for management of patients with chronic conditions. Innovations relating to the nursing practice and delivery of care as a transitional care model for patients with chronic conditions are being implemented in many countries, to produce new forms of health care models. The aim of these new care models is to reduce the after-care gap for patients with chronic conditions, and deliver long term care for them after discharge from the hospita

Intelligent Patient Education: Saving Time and Increasing Nurses Efficiency

Background: Patient education completes value chain process in presenting therapy and care services to patients. Thus, it is necessary to use the latest technologies in patients’ education. The present study aims to design an educational software to provide the verified scientific, educational and care data of the patients.Methods: The software is performed in three stages:1-      Formation of databases including the nursing care based on the latest educational and care standards2-      Design an intelligent software to present care education based on nursing process3-      For pilot study, the relevant software is installed on some systems and it is used in at least three hospitals.Results: The mentioned software presents valuable data in accordance to the needs of patients. Some of the advantages of this software include:-          Customization of education as their reading is easier.-          Simplicity of use with software can increase the availability of data for the patients.-          This software helps the nurses to guide the patients to receive the trainings in each stage of care process.Conclusion: Implementation of intelligent education system of patient reduces the frequency of visit to health centers and unnecessary admissions and this effectiveness cost of this system can save time and energy of disabled patients and increase the efficiency of nurses.</p

Correlation between suicide literacy and stigmatizing attitude of nurses toward patients with suicide attempts

Suicide is a deliberate process of endinglife and it is one of the ten leading causesof death in different countries around theworld. Averagely, every forty seconds, one individual loseshis life due to suicide in the world. Stigma, on the otherhand, is a negative tag given by people to the groupsand individuals who are different in terms of appearance,race, physical and mental health. Research has shown thatStigma is a barrier to care for those who attempt suicide.Since nurses play an important role in the care of patientswith psychiatric disorders, their level of literacy and theirattitude and behavior towards this group of patients havean impact on stigmatizing and non-stigmatizing behaviorand the quality of nursing care. Therefore, the presentstudy aimed to investigate the correlation betweensuicidal literacy and stigmatizing attitude towards suicidalpatients in nurses working in selected hospitals of ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018. In thisdescriptive-correlational study, the samples were selectedrandomly among nurses working in psychiatric, poisoning,burn and emergency wards of selected hospitals. Fordata collection, besides questionnaire of demographicdata collection, two questionnaires of suicide literacy andstigma questionnaires were used after determining the validityand reliability. Data analysis was performed using thelatest version of SPSS software and descriptive and correlationstatistics. The findings of the study showed thatthere is a positive correlation between the two variables ofsuicide literacy and stigma (p &lt;0.05). It means that, withincreasing literacy of nurses in the field of suicide, theirattitude is also increased. In other words, increasing theliteracy of nurses about suicide will improve their attitudein this regard. Regarding the fact that there is a significantrelationship between suicidal literacy and stigma of nursesabout the patients with suicide attempts, it can be hopedthat increasing literacy of nurses will have a positive effecton their attitude and behavior with these patients and ultimatelyon the quality of care provided by the

Correlation between suicide literacy and stigmatizing attitude of nurses toward patients with suicide attempts

Suicide is a deliberate process of endinglife and it is one of the ten leading causesof death in different countries around theworld. Averagely, every forty seconds, one individual loseshis life due to suicide in the world. Stigma, on the otherhand, is a negative tag given by people to the groupsand individuals who are different in terms of appearance,race, physical and mental health. Research has shown thatStigma is a barrier to care for those who attempt suicide.Since nurses play an important role in the care of patientswith psychiatric disorders, their level of literacy and theirattitude and behavior towards this group of patients havean impact on stigmatizing and non-stigmatizing behaviorand the quality of nursing care. Therefore, the presentstudy aimed to investigate the correlation betweensuicidal literacy and stigmatizing attitude towards suicidalpatients in nurses working in selected hospitals of ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2018. In thisdescriptive-correlational study, the samples were selectedrandomly among nurses working in psychiatric, poisoning,burn and emergency wards of selected hospitals. Fordata collection, besides questionnaire of demographicdata collection, two questionnaires of suicide literacy andstigma questionnaires were used after determining the validityand reliability. Data analysis was performed using thelatest version of SPSS software and descriptive and correlationstatistics. The findings of the study showed thatthere is a positive correlation between the two variables ofsuicide literacy and stigma (p &lt;0.05). It means that, withincreasing literacy of nurses in the field of suicide, theirattitude is also increased. In other words, increasing theliteracy of nurses about suicide will improve their attitudein this regard. Regarding the fact that there is a significantrelationship between suicidal literacy and stigma of nursesabout the patients with suicide attempts, it can be hopedthat increasing literacy of nurses will have a positive effecton their attitude and behavior with these patients and ultimatelyon the quality of care provided by the

Can e-learning change patients' awareness of controlling blood pressure?

Background and Aim: Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases that has been introduced as a silent killer and public health crisis in the world. Due to the increase in this dangerous disease, education about blood and blood pressure control can help reduce it. This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education on the knowledge of patients with hypertension. Materials and Methods: The present study is an intervention that was performed on 70 people over 35 years of age with hypertension in Varamin. Sampling in this study was random. In this study, individuals were divided into two groups of 35 intervention and control. First, the level of knowledge of both groups was determined using a researcher-made electronic questionnaire. Then, the intervention group was given virtual training through the Skype platform. After two months, the knowledge of both groups was measured again using an electronic questionnaire, and statistical data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software and the necessary tests. All necessary measures were taken in compliance with ethical standards in research and health protocols. Results: The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (P&gt; 0.05).&nbsp

A study of pre-hospital emergency care personnel's perception of ethical and clinical caring challenges in the field: a qualitative study

Introduction &amp; Background: Due to their unpredictable and critical working conditions including Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Pre-hospital emergency care personnel experience difficult and complicated situations in the field presenting them with various ethical and clinical caring challenges which affect their clinical decisions. Objectives: The present study aims to determine pre-hospital emergency care personnel's perception of the ethical and clinical caring challenges they face in the field. Methods: The present study is a work of qualitative research with a content analysis approach. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews and field notes. The collected data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. The participants were 25 pre-hospital emergency care personnel members in Iran who met the inclusion criteria. They were selected via purposeful sampling which was continued to saturation point. The study lasted from February to November 2020. Results: Two main themes&mdash;paradox in decision-making and patients' ethics and values&mdash;with 8 categories were extracted from the collected data. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that, in the field, pre-hospital emergency care personnel confront various ethical and clinical caring challenges which create paradoxes in their professional performance and ethical decisions. Yet, they should make the best ethical decision and provide care combined with respect for patients' ethical identities and beliefs to achieve satisfactory medical care results. To provide high-quality care, pre-hospital emergency care personnel must be provided with a proper cultural, professional, and organizational environment which is free of ethical distress