Evaluation of bred fish and seawater fish in terms of nutritional value, and heavy metals

In many parts of the world consumption of fish and seafood comprises a key proportion of man's diet and health. Despite of having many benefits, eating fish can be dangerous for instance the existence of nonorganic material, especially heavy metals, in some fish is dangerous. There are numerous fish breeding pools across the Lorestan province of Iran and the majority of the people living in these areas consume these kinds of fish, so, we were impelled to carry out a study to compare the nutrients and also heavy metals existent in freshwater fish and seawater fish available to the public across Khorramabad city of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 9 samples of each five species of freshwater and sea water fish were purchased and their total protein, fat, omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids and also their heavy metals content including mercury, lead and cadmium of them were measured. There were no significant differences between mean protein content of the two types of fish. The amount of total fat and omega 3, 6 and 9 fatty acids of freshwater fish was higher than of seawater fish (P>0.001). The levels of cadmium in seawater fish was significantly higher than freshwater fish (P>0.001), and as for the level of mercury and lead, no significant difference was observed between the two types of freshwater fish and seawater fish. According to the results, we recommend that people can secure a part of their protein and unsaturated fatty acids need by consuming freshwater fish

Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Characteristics of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanoribbons and Their Applications in Spintronics

The development of quantum information and quantum computing technology requires special materials to design and manufacture nanosized spintronic devices. Possessing remarkable structural, electronic, and magnetic characteristics, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) can be a promising candidate as a building block of futuristic nanoelectronics and spintronic systems. Here, using first-principles calculations, we perform a comprehensive study on the structural stability as well as electronic and magnetic properties of triazine-based g-C3N4 nanoribbons (gt-CNRs). Our calculations show that gt-CNRs with different edge conformation exhibit distinct electronic and magnetic characteristics, which can be tuned by the edge H-passivation rate. By investigating gt-CNRs with various possible edge configurations and H-termination rates, we show that while the ferromagnetic (FM) ordering of gt-CNRs stays preserved for all of the studied configurations, half metallicity can only be achieved in nanoribbons with specific edge structure under full H-passivation rate. For spintronic application purposes, we also study spin-transport properties of half-metal gt-CNRs. By determining the suitable gt-CNR configuration, we show the possibility of developing a perfect gt-CNR-based spin filter with a spin filter efficiency (SFE) of 100%. Considering the above-mentioned notable electronic and magnetic characteristics as well as its high thermal stability, we show that gt-CNR would be a remarkable material to fabricate multifunctional spintronic devices.European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 841673.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBU

The economic behavior of general hospitals of Iran

Background and aim: Economic analysis should be applied to hospitals for optimization. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the economic behavior (production-cost) of general hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences from 1997 to 2004. Methods: Data was collected using appropriate questionnaire and analyzed by t-test. In this research, Cobb-Douglas function and its T form was used for evaluation of production and cost, respectively. Results: The marginal production of hospital labor for physician was 57, for nurse was 24, and for other personal was 0.04 of the patient admission. The marginal product of capital agent was 18 patient admissions. The personnel and non-personnel costs were 62 and 38 percent of the overall operatic costs respectively. Cost elasticity of overall expense to labor price, capital rate and production was 0.69, 0.48 and 0.32, respectively. Conclusion: The hospitals can be on the decreasing part of LRAC (Long Run Average Cust) care and can decrease the unit cost of production with increasing economic agents

The economic behavior of general hospitals of Iran

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: بیمارستان به عنوان یکی از سازمان‌های اصلی ارائه دهنده خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، حساسیت و اهمیت ویژه‌ای در اقتصاد و بهداشت دارد و به منظور بهینه‌سازی مفید آن به عنوان یک بنگاه اقتصادی باید از تحلیل‌های اقتصادی استفاده نمود. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی رفتار اقتصادی (تولید- هزینه) بیمارستان‌های علوم پزشکی ایران در طی سال‌های 1376 تا 1383 انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی است که در سال 1384 انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل 6 بیمارستان عمومی - آموزشی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران بود. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های مورد نیاز از پرسشنامه تولید- هزینه استفاده گردید در این پژوهش اطلاعات از طریق فرم‌های اطلاعاتی جمع‌آوری گردید و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS و با بهره‌گیری از آزمون t تجزیه و تحلیل شد. شکل تابع برای تولید از نوع کاب داگلاس و برای هزینه از نوع فرم‌ تبعی کاب داگلاس بود. یافته ها: تولید نهایی عوامل تولید نیروی کار برای: پزشک 53، پرستار 24 و سایر پرسنل 4/0- پذیرش بستری بود و تولید نهایی عامل سرمایه (تخت فعال) 18 پذیرش بستری بود. هزینه‌های پرسنلی 62 درصد و هزینه‌های غیر پرسنلی 38 درصد کل هزینه‌های عملیاتی را تشکیل می‌دادند. حساسیت هزینه کل به نرخ نیروی کار، نرخ سرمایه و تولید به ترتیب 69/0، 48/0 و 32/0 بود. نتیجه گیری: از لحاظ رفتار تولیدی و هزینه‌ای، بیمارستان‌های مورد مطالعه در منطقه کارآمد اقتصادی قرار داشتند و می‌توانند در بلند مدت با افزایش عوامل اقتصادی (نیروی کار و سرمایه) هزینه واحد تولید را کاهش دهند و در قسمت نزولی منحنی هزینه بلند مدت واقع شوند

The menopausal age and associated factors in Gorgan, Iran

Background: Considering the physical, emotional and psychological complications of early or delayed menopause on women's life, it is necessary to determine associated factors of menopause age. This study designed to determine menopausal age and associated factors in women of Gorgan, i.e. the capital of Golestan province in the north-east of Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 804 menopausal women in Gorgan were selected via two-stage sampling method in 2009. The study included only women who had undergone natural menopause and had their last menstrual bleeding at least one year before. Data were gathered through structured questionnaire that included individual characteristics, socioeconomic characteristics, menstrual and fertility characteristics and climacteric complaints. Socioeconomic status was defined using principal component analysis. Data were analyzed with Tstudent's and ANOVA tests using SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows. Results: The mean menopause age was 47.6±4.45 years with the median age of 48 years. The mean menopause age in women with first pregnancy before 30 years (47.58±4.47years), without pregnancy (46.26±4.90years) and without delivery (46.30±4.47years) was significantly lower than others (p 0.05). Socioeconomic status was not associated significantly with menopause age (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study illustrated that menstrual and fertility factors have influence on menopausal age while socioeconomic factors were not effective

Massive malignant pleural effusion due to lung adenocarcinoma in 13-year-old boy

A 13-year-old boy with no risk factors for lung cancer presented with a massive left-sided pleural effusion and a mediastinal shift on chest radiography and computed tomography. A chest tube drained bloody pleural fluid with an exudative pattern. A pleural biopsy and wedge biopsy of the left lower lobe revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma in the left lower lobe wedge biopsy and metastatic adenocarcinoma in the pleural biopsy. The patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is planned after shrinkage of the tumor. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is very rarely seen in teenagers or children, especially in the absence of risk factors. © SAGE Publications

Multivariate Aging and Archimedean Dependence Structures in High Dimensions

Bivariate aging notions for a vector X of lifetimes based on stochastic comparisons between X and X_t , where X_t is the multivariate residual lifetime after time t > 0, have been studied in Pellerey (2008) under the assumption that the dependence structure in X is described by an Archimedean survival copula. Similar stochastic comparisons between X_t and X_t+s , for all t s > 0, were considered in Mulero and Pellerey (2010). In this article, these results are generalized and extended to the multivariate case. Two illustrative examples are also provided

DNA/RNA sequencing using germanene nanoribbons via two dimensional molecular electronic spectroscopy: an ab initio study

Developing fast, reliable, and cost effective, yet practical DNA/RNA sequencing methods and devices is a must. In this regard, motivated by the recently introduced two-dimensional electronic molecular spectroscopy (2DMES) technique for molecular recognition, and the compatibility of 2D layers of group IV elements with the current technology of manufacturing electronic devices, we investigate the capability of germanene nanoribbons (GeNRs) as a feasible, accurate, and ultra-fast sequencing device under the application of 2DMES. We show that by employing 2DMES, not only can GeNRs unambiguously distinguish different nucleobases to sequence DNA/RNA, they are also capable of recognizing methylated nucleobases that could be related to cancerous cell growth. Our calculations indicate that, compared to frequently used graphene layers, germanene provides more distinct adsorption energies for different nucleobases which implies its better ability to recognize various molecules unambiguously. By calculating the conductance sensitivity of the system for experimental purposes, we also show that the introduced sequencing device possesses a high sensitivity and selectivity characteristic. Thus, our proposed system would be a promising device for next-generation DNA sequencing technologies and would be realizable using the current protocols of fabricating electronic devices.H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions 841673European Commission MAT2017-88258-RPrograma Operativo FEDER of Andalucia 2014-2020 B-FQM-272-UGR20 AEI MAT2017-88258-