11 research outputs found
Formulation of muon range 0-100 TeV and transmission through lead
7-12Muons can penetrate long
distances into matter and are less susceptible to radiate effects as compared
to electrons. Over a broad energy range, the dominant energy loss is due to
ionization mechanism. This makes the shielding of muons and the knowledge of
their range considerably important at high-energy accelerators and in other
high energy applications. In the present paper, the muon range R(E)
from 0-1 GeV in lead is obtained by using muon range data which were generated
by SRIM 2012.03 code. For muon energy versus traveled distance E(X), an analytical formula is extracted
by a fitting procedure by the aid of Origin 8.0 and Find Graph softwares. For
extracting the values of R(E) in the
range 0-100TeV and E(X) for less than
100 TeV using the current method faced a limitation. This limitation is due to
maximum SRIM energy input card which is 1GeV, so the SRIM range data are used
for less than 1 GeV and the GROOM range data for above
1 GeV. In the present paper, the muon energy is calculated using this technique
at energy less than 100 TeV for arbitrary traveled distance
SEVUCAS: A Novel GIS-Based Machine Learning Software for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment
Since it is not possible to determine the exact time of a natural disaster’s occurrence and the amount of physical and financial damage on humans or the environment resulting from their event, decision-makers need to identify areas with potential vulnerability in order to reduce future losses. In this paper, a GIS-based open source software entitled Seismic-Related Vulnerability Calculation Software (SEVUCAS), based on the Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method and geographic information system, has been developed to assess seismic vulnerability by considering four groups of criteria (i.e., geotechnical, structural, socio-economic, and physical distance to needed facilities and away from dangerous facilities). The software was developed in C# language using ArcGIS Engine functions, which provide enhanced visualization as well as user-friendly and automatic software for the seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings. Weighting of the criteria (indicators) and alternatives (sub-indicators) was done using SWARA. Also, two interpolation methods based on a radial basis function (RBF) and teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) were used to optimize the weights of the criteria and the classes of each alternative as well. After weighing the criteria and alternatives, the weighted overlay analysis was used to determine the final vulnerability map in the form of contours and statistical data. The difference between this software and similar ones is that people with a low level of knowledge in the area of earthquake crisis management can use it to determine and estimate the seismic vulnerabilities of their houses. This visualized operational forecasting software provides an applicable tool for both government and people to make quick and correct decisions to determine higher priority structures for seismic retrofitting implementation