The therapeutic effect of Nesfatin-1 on acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury; a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction In recent years, various peptides have been introduced for the complementary treatment and management of post-reperfusion injuries. Nesfatin-1, a peptide secreted by the nervous system and peripheral tissues, modulates cardiac function, and plays an important role in the cardiovascular response to stress conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the preclinical evidence on the effect of Nesfatin-1 administration in the improvement of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Method Online databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until November 2nd, 2022, for articles investigating the therapeutic effects of Nesfatin-1 administration on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in preclinical models. Cardiac functions, infarct size, myocardial tissue fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necroptosis, and necrosis were chosen as outcomes. The results are reported as an overall standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Our results demonstrate that the administration of Nesfatin-1 improves cardiac parameters such as ejection fraction (SMD = 3.94, 95% CI: 0.30 to 7.58), heart rate (SMD = 3.30, 95% CI: 0.41 to 6.18), and negative dp/dt (SMD = 2.05, 95% CI: 0.60 to 3.50) and positive dp/dt (SMD = 2.78, 95% CI: 0.56 to 4.99). Nesfatin-1 was shown to significantly reduce myocardial infarct size (SMD = -4.32, 95% CI: -5.95 to -2.69 and fibrosis (SMD = -3.91, 95% CI: -5.67 to -2.15). Apoptotic score (SMD = -2.07, 95% CI: -3.51 to -0.63) and oxidative stress were also reduced subsequent to Nesfatin-1 administration. Nesfatin-1 was not shown to decrease inflammation, necroptosis, and necrosis. Conclusion In conclusion, we demonstrated that Nesfatin-1 could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in ameliorating the secondary damages during myocardial I/R injury. Nesfatin-1 administration can preserve cardiac function by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and myocardial necrosis. However, much more studies are required to endorse further clinical translation of Nesfatin-1 to be utilized in the management of myocardial I/R injury

Application of Bayesian Techniques to Model the Burden of Human Salmonellosis Attributable to U.S. Food Commodities at the Point of Processing: Adaptation of a Danish Model

Mathematical models that estimate the proportion of foodborne illnesses attributable to food commodities at specific points in the food chain may be useful to risk managers and policy makers to formulate public health goals, prioritize interventions, and document the effectiveness of mitigations aimed at reducing illness. Using human surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Salmonella testing data from U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service's regulatory programs, we developed a point-of-processing foodborne illness attribution model by adapting the Hald Salmonella Bayesian source attribution model. Key model outputs include estimates of the relative proportions of domestically acquired sporadic human Salmonella infections resulting from contamination of raw meat, poultry, and egg products processed in the United States from 1998 through 2003. The current model estimates the relative contribution of chicken (48%), ground beef (28%), turkey (17%), egg products (6%), intact beef (1%), and pork (<1%) across 109 Salmonella serotypes found in food commodities at point of processing. While interpretation of the attribution estimates is constrained by data inputs, the adapted model shows promise and may serve as a basis for a common approach to attribution of human salmonellosis and food safety decision-making in more than one country

Study of Association Between Polymorphism Alpha7 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Gene (CHRNA7) with the Development of Schizophrenia in Iranian Population

Background: SCZ (Schizophrenia) is common psychiatric and mentally disorder which display common genetic vulnerability. The &alpha;7 neuronal nicotinic receptor gene (CHRNA7) is located on chromosome 15q13-q14. There are many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exons, introns and promoter sites inside the CHRNA7 gene. The aim of this research was study of polymorphism CHRNA7 with the development of schizophrenia in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 normal peoples as a control group were investigated. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. Genotypes were detected by using a PCR-RFLP method. Statistical analysis was done by using the SPSS software version 20. Results: Frequency&nbsp; of CC, TC, TT genotypes in patients&nbsp; group were 18% ,42% ,40% and in normal groups were 14%,45%,41%, respectively. Statistical analysis were showed that in the total sample (male and female), there was no significant association between CHRNA7 gene polymorphism with schizophrenia disease. Conclusion: The presence of the T allele in CHRNA7 gene at rs904942 is not considered as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Therefore, further genetic studies with more SNPs and larger samples covering various populations, are needed

Investigation on the effect of acetylation and reduction treatments on the chromophore groups of isolated lignin from unbleached hardwoods chemimecanical pulp using FT-IR spectroscopy

This study lignin from unbleached hardwoods chemimechanical pulp was extracted and the chromophor functional groups of the lignin were studied. Acetylation and reduction treatments were perfomed and samples were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. A mild acidic dioxin extraction method was employed to isolate lignin. For the acetylation and reduction treatments of lignin acetic acid and sodium borohydride were used respectively. The results of untreated and treated (acetylated and reduced) lignin spectra showed that, the major of lignin chromophor groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl groups have been reduced or eliminated by these treatments. In the acetylated lignin, the absorption band of hydroxyl groups has been weakened and in the 1743.16 Cm-1 region, acetoxy compounds band has appeared and also a cluster absorption band was observed in the 1228.76 Cm-1 region. In the reduced lignin, most of the absorption bands of the carbonyl groups have been weakened or eliminated, especially in the 1705.56 and 1629.54 Cm-1 region

Survey of DAOA Gene Polymorphism in Schizophrenic Patients in Iran

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia is a common mentaly disorder with high heritability and variable phenotype that they are placed in bipolar nervous disease family. Different genes are associated with this disease that among of them, DAOA gene plays a significant role. DAOA gene is located in the long arm of chromosome 13 and produces a protein called D-amino acid oxidase which is N - metyle D– aspartate (NMDA) receptor activator in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between DAOA gene polymorphisms and the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: In this study, 100 patients with schizophrenia and 100 normal people as a control group were investigated. After genomic DNA extraction from blood samples, allele and genotype frequencies in patients and control group were determined by PCR-RFLP method. Data analysis was performed with Med Calc (ver 12) software. Results: Frequency of GG, GA, AA genotypes in patients group was 18%, 42%, 40% and in normal group was 14%, 45%, and 41%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between DAOA gene polymorphism with schizophrenia disease in the people under the age of 40. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the DAOA gene has significant association with schizophrenia in the Iranian population

Fatty Acid Composition and Toxicity of Melia azedarach L. Fruits against Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi: Composition of Melia azedarach fruits and its effect on Anopheles stephensi

The fruit of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) was extracted with hexane, and its fatty acids methyl ester was analyzed using GC/MS. Thirteen components representing 85.1% of the total extract were identified. The major components identified were methyl palmitate (18.8%), methyl linolenate (16.1%) and methyl linoleate (9.8%). The fruits’ extract had a LC50 of 5.5 ppm against the larvae of Anophles stephensi

Effects of dietary gamma-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid with paclitaxel on the treatment of mice mammary carcinoma

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of death in women. One of the various gene expression involved in breast cancer is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) gene expression increases. Factors of dietary affect on regulation of hormone secretion and the rate of breast cancer. One of these factors is amount and type of fats in diet. Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and Docosah-exaenoic acid (DHA) are members of poly unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, effects of dietary GLA and DHA alone or together with paclitaxel on treatment of mice mammary carcinoma has been evaluated.Methods: Thirty female balb/c mice were divided in six groups randomly. Carcinoma-tous mass induced by tumor implantation method. Spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma of mice were used as tumor stock. The tumors of these mice were removed aseptically, dissected into 0.5 cm3 pieces. These pieces were transplanted subcutaneously into their right flank. GLA and DHA added to the mice diet two week prior to tumor implanta-tion. At the end of intervention, tumors were removed and HER2 gene expression was measured. The weight of animal and tumor volume measured weekly.Results: It was not significant change in the weight of animals that consumed DHA and DHA with taxol. Tumor volume in those groups that received corn oil with taxol (P<0.01), DHA (P<0.05) and DHA with taxol (P<0.001) showed significant decrease in comparison with control group. HER2 gene expression in DHA with taxol decreased significantly in comparison with control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Consumption of DHA oil with taxol causes decrease the volume of carcin-oma mass. The future studies with large number of sample is needed to support this finding

Assessment of Behavioral Approach and Behavioral Inhibition Systems in Mood Disorders

Introduction: Psychiatric disorders could be evaluated in terms of behavioral activation and inhibition systems. Dysregulation of these systems may lead to development of manic or depressive episodes in patients with mood disorders. This study aimed to identify Behavioral Approach System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) hypersensitivity as the functional brain system behaviors in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar mood disorder I, compared to healthy individuals. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Razi Psychiatric Hospital, a mental health referral center in Northwest of Iran. The study consisted of two groups of patients, one with major depressive and the other with bipolar mood disorders and one healthy group. Each group had 40 patients (20 men and 20 women). The study data were collected through BIS and BAS questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: The findings showed a significant negative correlation between BIS, BAS and BAS subscales with the severity of depression and positive correlation with mania symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion: BAS and BIS dysregulations may predispose people to mood disorder symptoms. BAS is hyperactive during manic phase and may predict the symptom severity of bipolar mood disorder