Collective Social Responsibility: An extended three-dimensional model of Corporate Social Responsibility for contemporary society

The Collective Social Responsibility model (CSRm) arises as a response to questioning the current vision of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). After analysing several authors and sources, this research proposes a vision that is more in line with reality and events in contemporary society and can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The study had three main objectives: (i) to propose a theoretical model to expand the concepts associated with CSR, (ii) to explain the proposed model and its implications for companies, society, and the environment, and, finally, (iii) to establish the relationship between the proposed model and the SDG promoted by the UN. This study used a qualitative methodology based on documentary review and inferential and deductive reasoning. The Collective Social Responsibility model (CSRm) proposed here is an expanded and updated version of CSR, observed from a three-dimensional perspective. The proposed model seeks to transform not only the impact that organizations and businesses have on society, but also the way in which governments, companies, groups, and individuals complement each other in relation to this field

Vulnerabilidad macroeconómica en Latinoamérica y el Caribe

This study examines the main and comparative features, concerning different levels of national economic vulnerability of Latin American and the Caribbean nations. The period under revision is from 2000 to 2005. It contains a qualified approach based on cluster analysis, which in turn is founded on delimiting divisions by means of standard deviations. The main objective of this article is to establish to what degree Latin American and the Caribbean nations have margin of macroeconomic manoeuvre, within their short and medium term conditions. Results show the best positioned countries regarding this issue are those which have been able to combine, a well-organized macroeconomic management, with high external revenues, either derived from financial services, tourism of investments (Bahamas) or tourism and oil exports (Trinidad and Tobago).Este estudio aborda lo que se consideran son las características principales y comparativas, concernientes a la vulnerabilidad de las economías de los países latinoamericanos y caribeños. El período que se revisa es de 2000 a 2005. El objetivo fundamental es establecer comparaciones basadas en estudio por agrupaciones, las cuales a su vez se fundamentan en discriminaciones derivadas de promedios y desviaciones estándar. La finalidad es establecer hasta que punto las naciones latinoamericanas y caribeñas tienen márgenes de maniobra macroeconómica en función de sus condiciones a corto y mediano plazo. Los resultados muestran que los países mejor posicionados son aquellos que combinan un prudente manejo macroeconómico con notables ingresos externos de divisas, ya sea que los mismos se obtengan de servicios financieros, turismo e inversiones (Bahamas) o de turismo y exportaciones petroleras (Trinidad y Tobago)