6 research outputs found
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
UMR AGAP - Equipe DAAV (Diversité, adaptation et amélioration de la vigne)Grapevine ( Vitis) is considered to be one of the major fruit crops in the world based on hectares cultivated and economic value. Grapes are used not only for wine but also for fresh fruit, dried fruit, and juice production. Wine is by far the major product of grapes, and the focus of this chapter is on wine grape cultivars. Grapevine cultivars of Vitis vinifera L. have a reputation for producing premium quality wines. These premium quality wines are produced from a small number of cultivars that enjoy a high level of consumer acceptance and are firmly entrenched in the market place because of varietal name branding and the association of certain wine styles and regions with specific cultivars. In light of this situation, grapevine improvement by a transgenic approach is attractive when compared to a classical breeding approach. The transfer of individual traits as single genes with a minimum disruption to the original genome would leave the traditional characteristics of the cultivar intact. However, a reliable transformation system is required for a successful transgenic approach to grapevine improvement. There are three criteria for achieving an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system: (1) the production of highly regenerative transformable tissue, (2) optimal cocultivation conditions for both grapevine tissue and Agrobacterium, and (3) an efficient selection regime for transgenic plant regeneration. In this chapter, we describe a grapevine transformation system that meets these criteria. We also describe a protocol for the production of transformed roots suitable for functional gene studies and for the production of semi-transgenic grafted plants
Molecular cloning and characterisation of a cDNA encoding a putative alkaline alpha-galactosidase from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) that is differentially expressed under osmotic stress
Molecular cloning and characterisation of a cDNA encoding a putative alkaline alpha-galactosidase from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) that is differentially expressed under osmotic stress
Breeding next generation tree fruits: technical and legal challenges
The new plant breeding technologies (NPBTs) have recently emerged as powerful tools in the context of ‘green’ biotechnologies.
They have wide potential compared to classical genetic engineering and they are attracting the interest of politicians, stakeholders
and citizens due to the revolutionary impact they may have on agriculture. Cisgenesis and genome editing potentially allow to
obtain pathogen-resistant plants or plants with enhanced qualitative traits by introducing or disrupting specific genes in shorter
times compared to traditional breeding programs and by means of minimal modifications in the plant genome. Grapevine, the
most important fruit crop in the world from an economical point of view, is a peculiar case for NPBTs because of the load of cultural
aspects, varietal traditions and consumer demands, which hinder the use of classical breeding techniques and, furthermore, the
application of genetic engineering to wine grape cultivars. Here we explore the technical challenges which may hamper the
application of cisgenesis and genome editing to this perennial plant, in particular focusing on the bottlenecks of the Agrobacteriummediated
gene transfer. In addition, strategies to eliminate undesired sequences from the genome and to choose proper target
sites are discussed in light of peculiar features of this species. Furthermore is reported an update of the international legislative
frameworks regulating NPBT products which shows conflicting positions and, in the case of the European Union, a prolonged lack
of regulation