¿Peligra la escultura del peine del viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota?

Nivel educativo: Grado. Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horasSe presenta un ABP para la asignatura de Fundamentos de Materiales I del grado de Arquitectura Técnica. A partir de una problemática (imaginaria) con la escultura del Peine del Viento de Eduardo Chillida ubicada en Donostia-San Sebastian, se estudian las propiedades de los materiales

Superabsorbent bacterial cellulose spheres biosynthesized from winery by-products as natural carriers for fertilizers

[EN]Soil contamination, sustainable management of water resources and controlled release of agrochemicals are the main challenges of modern agriculture. In this work, the synthesis of sphere-like bacterial cellulose (BC) using agitated culture conditions and Komagateibacter medellinensis bacterial strain ID13488 was optimized and characterized from grape pomace (GP). First, a comparative study was carried out between agitated and static cultures using different nitrogen sources and applying alternative GP treatments. Agitation of the cultures resulted in higher BC production yield compared to static culture conditions. Additionally, Water holding capacity (WHC) assays evidenced the superabsorbent nature of the BC biopolymer, being positively influenced by the spherical shape as it was observed an increase of 60% in contrast to the results obtained for the BC membranes under static culture conditions. Moreover, it was found that sphere-like BCs were capable of retaining urea up to 375% of their dry weight, rapidly releasing the fertilizer in the presence of water. According to our findings, sphere-like BCs represent suitable systems with great potential for actual agricultural hazards and grape pomace valorisation.Financial support from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (GIU18/216 Research Group), from the Basque Government in the frame of Elkartek KK-2020/00053 and PIBA2020-1-0041 and from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Union (MICINN/EU/FEDER) in the frame of MAT2016-76294-R and PID2019-105090RB-I00 projects, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the technical support and personnel provided by the Servicio de Lipidómica y Metabolomica of the SGIKER (UPV/EHU,MICINN, GV/E.G., ESF) and the Phytotron Service of UPV/EHU. Moreover, are grateful to the Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology SGIker unit of the UPV/EHU. Díaz-Ramírez J wishes to acknowledge the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food policy of the Basque Government for the PhD grant (00020-PIT2019-22)

Superabsorbent bacterial cellulose spheres biosynthesized from winery by-products as natural carriers for fertilizers

[EN]Soil contamination, sustainable management of water resources and controlled release of agrochemicals are the main challenges of modern agriculture. In this work, the synthesis of sphere-like bacterial cellulose (BC) using agitated culture conditions and Komagateibacter medellinensis bacterial strain ID13488 was optimized and characterized from grape pomace (GP). First, a comparative study was carried out between agitated and static cultures using different nitrogen sources and applying alternative GP treatments. Agitation of the cultures resulted in higher BC production yield compared to static culture conditions. Additionally, Water holding capacity (WHC) assays evidenced the superabsorbent nature of the BC biopolymer, being positively influenced by the spherical shape as it was observed an increase of 60% in contrast to the results obtained for the BC membranes under static culture conditions. Moreover, it was found that sphere-like BCs were capable of retaining urea up to 375% of their dry weight, rapidly releasing the fertilizer in the presence of water. According to our findings, sphere-like BCs represent suitable systems with great potential for actual agricultural hazards and grape pomace valorisation.Financial support from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) (GIU18/216 Research Group), from the Basque Government in the frame of Elkartek KK-2020/00053 and PIBA2020-1-0041 and from Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Union (MICINN/EU/FEDER) in the frame of MAT2016-76294-R and PID2019-105090RB-I00 projects, are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also thank the technical support and personnel provided by the Servicio de Lipidómica y Metabolomica of the SGIKER (UPV/EHU,MICINN, GV/E.G., ESF) and the Phytotron Service of UPV/EHU. Moreover, are grateful to the Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology SGIker unit of the UPV/EHU. Díaz-Ramírez J wishes to acknowledge the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food policy of the Basque Government for the PhD grant (00020-PIT2019-22)

Integral Valorization of Grape Pomace for Antioxidant Pickering Emulsions

Full harnessing of grape pomace (GP) agricultural waste for the preparation of antioxidant Pickering emulsions is presented herein. Bacterial cellulose (BC) and polyphenolic extract (GPPE) were both prepared from GP. Rod-like BC nanocrystals up to 1.5 µm in length and 5–30 nm in width were obtained through enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). The GPPE obtained through ultrasound-assisted hydroalcoholic solvent extraction presented excellent antioxidant properties assessed using DPPH, ABTS and TPC assays. The BCNC-GPPE complex formation improved the colloidal stability of BCNC aqueous dispersions by decreasing the Z potential value up to −35 mV and prolonged the antioxidant half-life of GPPE up to 2.5 times. The antioxidant activity of the complex was demonstrated by the decrease in conjugate diene (CD) formation in olive oil-in-water emulsions, whereas the measured emulsification ratio (ER) and droplet mean size of hexadecane-in-water emulsions confirmed the physical stability improvement in all cases. The synergistic effect between nanocellulose and GPPE resulted in promising novel emulsions with prolonged physical and oxidative stability.Financial support from the Basque Government as part of the Grupos Consolidados (IT1690-22) and PIBA2020-1-0041 and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Spanish State Research Agency (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) as part of the PID2019-105090RB-I00 project is gratefully acknowledged. Moreover, the authors also thank the technical support and personnel from the Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology unit, Servicio de Lipidómica y Metabolomica and the Central Analysis Service of Bizkaia of SGIker (UPV/EHU, MICINN, GV/E.G., ESF). J. Díaz-Ramírez wishes to acknowledge the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food policy of the Basque Government for his PhD grant (00020-PIT2019-22)

¿Peligra la escultura del peine del viento por la fuerza del oleaje que lo azota?

Nivel educativo: Grado. Duración (en horas): Más de 50 horasSe presenta un ABP para la asignatura de Fundamentos de Materiales I del grado de Arquitectura Técnica. A partir de una problemática (imaginaria) con la escultura del Peine del Viento de Eduardo Chillida ubicada en Donostia-San Sebastian, se estudian las propiedades de los materiales

Genome sequence and characterization of the bcs clusters for the production of nanocellulose from the low pH resistant strain Komagataeibacter medellinensis ID13488

Komagataeibacter medellinensis ID13488 (formerly Gluconacetobacter medellinensis ID13488) is able to produce crystalline bacterial cellulose (BC) under high acidic growth conditions. These abilities make this strain desirable for industrial BC production from acidic residues (e.g. wastes generated from cider production). To explore the molecular bases of the BC biosynthesis in this bacterium, the genome has been sequenced revealing a sequence of 3.4Mb containing three putative plasmids of 38.1kb (pKM01), 4.3kb (pKM02) and 3.3 Kb (pKM03). Genome comparison analyses of K.medellinensis ID13488 with other cellulose-producing related strains resulted in the identification of the bcs genes involved in the cellulose biosynthesis. Genes arrangement and composition of four bcs clusters (bcs1, bcs2, bcs3 and bcs4) was studied by RT-PCR, and their organization in four operons transcribed as four independent polycistronic mRNAs was determined. qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated that mostly bcs1 and bcs4 are expressed under BC production conditions, suggesting that these operons direct the synthesis of BC. Genomic differences with the close related strain K.medellinensis NBRC 3288 unable to produce BC were also described and discussed. © 2019 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.The authors thank for the financial support from the Foundation Domingo Martınez (2015‐Area Materiales 2), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MAT2016‐76294‐R, BIO2017‐83448‐R), the Community of Madrid (P2013/MIT2807), the Basque Government in the frame of Grupos Consolidados (776‐13). L.U. wishes to acknowledge the Basque Government for its PhD grant PIF PRE_2014_1_371. We thank the support of Francisco Blanco in the statistical analyses of the date