Influence of intestinal coccidiosis on weight gain of young cattle

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of coccidiosis infection (cryptosporidiosis, eimeriosis) on the average daily gains in live weight of young cattle.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on animals spontaneously infected with Eimeria spp. And Cryptosporidium spp. According to the principle of analogues, 4 groups of animals were formed, 10 heads each. In the first experiment, the average daily weight gain of 1-20-day-old animals infected with Cryptosporidium (1st experimental group) and clinically healthy calves (1st control group) was compared. For the second experiment, calves at the age of 2-4 months, infected with Eimeria spp. (2nd), were selected, young animals free from infection were selected in the second control group.Results and discussion. In calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp., the average daily gains ranged from 0.597±0.017 to 0.675±0.018 kg. The decrease in growth per day relative to the animals of the control group was, on average, 0.346 kg. The maximum loss of weight gain, 11.0±0.88 kg, was recorded in November. A similar dynamic of the decrease in average daily weight gain was established in animals at eimeriosis. During the research period, the shortfall in live weight of calves infected with Eimeria spp. was 21.5±2.6 kg, which is 12.3 kg less relative to the mass of calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Sharp fluctuations in the reduction of average daily weight gain in this group were not recorded: on average, 0.248±0.113 kg relative to the control group. Thus, the reason for the lack of live weight gain (up to 40 %) in calves in the farm of the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic is intestinal coccidiosis. The minimum indicator of the average daily gain in live weight (0.597±0.017 kg) falls on the group of calves infected with cryptosporidiosis, which is almost 2 times less relative to the gain of animals from the control group

Влияние кишечных кокцидиозов на прирост массы тела молодняка крупного рогатого скота

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of coccidiosis infection (cryptosporidiosis, eimeriosis) on the average daily gains in live weight of young cattle.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on animals spontaneously infected with Eimeria spp. And Cryptosporidium spp. According to the principle of analogues, 4 groups of animals were formed, 10 heads each. In the first experiment, the average daily weight gain of 1-20-day-old animals infected with Cryptosporidium (1st experimental group) and clinically healthy calves (1st control group) was compared. For the second experiment, calves at the age of 2-4 months, infected with Eimeria spp. (2nd), were selected, young animals free from infection were selected in the second control group.Results and discussion. In calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp., the average daily gains ranged from 0.597±0.017 to 0.675±0.018 kg. The decrease in growth per day relative to the animals of the control group was, on average, 0.346 kg. The maximum loss of weight gain, 11.0±0.88 kg, was recorded in November. A similar dynamic of the decrease in average daily weight gain was established in animals at eimeriosis. During the research period, the shortfall in live weight of calves infected with Eimeria spp. was 21.5±2.6 kg, which is 12.3 kg less relative to the mass of calves infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Sharp fluctuations in the reduction of average daily weight gain in this group were not recorded: on average, 0.248±0.113 kg relative to the control group. Thus, the reason for the lack of live weight gain (up to 40 %) in calves in the farm of the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic is intestinal coccidiosis. The minimum indicator of the average daily gain in live weight (0.597±0.017 kg) falls on the group of calves infected with cryptosporidiosis, which is almost 2 times less relative to the gain of animals from the control group.Цель исследований – изучение влияния кокцидиозных инвазий (криптоспоридиоз, эймериоз) на показатели среднесуточных приростов живой массы молодняка крупного рогатого скота.Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили на спонтанно зараженных эймериями и криптоспоридиями животных. По принципу аналогов были сформированы 4 группы животных по 10 голов в каждой. В первом опыте проводили сравнение среднесуточных привесов животных 1–20-дневного возраста, зараженных криптоспоридиями (1-я опытная группа) и клинически здоровых телят (1-я контрольная группа). Для второго опыта отбирали телят в возрасте 2–4 мес., инвазированных эймериями (2-я), во вторую контрольную группу отбирали молодняк, свободный от инвазии.Результаты и обсуждение. У телят, инвазированных криптоспоридиями, показатели среднесуточных привесов колебались от 0,597±0,017 до 0,675±0,018 кг. Снижение прироста за сутки относительно животных контрольной группы составило, в среднем, 0,346 кг. Максимальное недополучение привесов, 11,0±0,88 кг, регистрировали в ноябре. Аналогичная динамика снижения среднесуточных привесов установлена у животных с эймериозной инвазией. За период исследований недополучение живой массы телят, зараженных эймериями, составил 21,5±2,6 кг, что на 12,3 кг меньше относительно массы зараженных криптоспоридиями телят. Резких колебаний по снижению среднесуточных привесов в данной группе не регистрировали: в среднем, 0,248±0,113 кг относительно контрольной группы. Таким образом, причиной недополучения привесов живой массы (до 40 %) у телят в хозяйстве Увинского района Удмуртской Республики, являются кишечные кокцидиозы. Минимальный показатель среднесуточного прироста живой массы (0,597±0,017 кг) приходится на группу телят, инвазированных криптоспоридиями, что почти в 2 раза меньше относительно прироста животных из контрольной группы

The main indicators of functional diagnostics service in the Udmurt Republic

One of the main methods of diagnosis are functional diagnostic methods. The modern development of medical science and practice requires health care organizers to constantly monitor changes in this area. A great contribution to this is made by scientific research. The aim of the work was to analyze the activity of the functional diagnostics service of the Udmurt Republic for 2014-2016.the paper used the annual reports of the Federal statistical observation and annual reports on the state of health of citizens of the Udmurt Republic for the analyzed period. The results established the stability of the functional diagnostics service in the Udmurt Republic. There was an increase in the volume of work performed by specialists of functional diagnostics of the Udmurt Republic. In General, the diagnosis of the population of the region was carried out at the level of outpatient service. The provision of medical personnel in the functional diagnostics service of the Udmurt Republic showed their deficit. This was accompanied by a large proportion of compatibility of specialists with higher medical education. The electrocardiography method prevailed in the share of all functional diagnostic methods. The results can be used by the organizers of health of the Udmurt Republic to make the necessary organizational and management decisions.Функциональные методы исследования, согласно принятым современным рекомендациям, являются основой для установления правильного диагноза. Это требует от организаторов здравоохранения перманентного динамического мониторирования службы функциональной диагностики и, на основании выявленных изменений, принятия своевременных организационно-управленческих решений для их улучшения. Целью работы было – провести анализ деятельности службы функциональной диагностики Удмуртской республики за 2014-2016гг. В работе использовались годовые отчеты федерального статистического наблюдения и годовые отчеты о состоянии здоровья граждан Удмуртской республики за анализируемый период. Исследование показало, что работа службы функциональной диагностики Удмуртской республики оценивалась как стабильная. общий объем выполненной работы специалистами функциональной диагностики ежегодно увеличивался, основная часть исследований осуществлялась на амбулаторно-поликлиническом уровне. В кадровом составе службы функциональной диагностики в Удмуртской республике наблюдался дефицит специалистов и, как следствие, высокий процент врачебного совместительства (при укомплектованности в 40,7% - занятость 95,6%). Наибольшее число исследований приходилось на сердечно-сосудистую систему. Самым распространенным методом в регионе был метод электрокардиографии. Полученные нами результаты могут быть использованы организаторами здравоохранения Удмуртской республики для принятия необходимых организационно-управленческих решений

New Technologies of Mining Stratal Minerals and Their Computation

The paper considers the systems of flat and volumetric modeling of controlling long-wall faces for schemes with rock collapse of the immediate and main roof and smooth lowering of the remaining layers, as well as in forming a vault over the face. Stress distributions are obtained for the reference pressure zone. They are needed for recognizing the active state of the long-wall face in the feedback mode. The project of the system "support - lateral rocks" is represented by a multidimensional network base. Its connections reflect the elements of the system or rocks, workings, supports with nodes and parts. The connections reflect the logic of the operation of machines, assemblies and parts, and the types of their mechanical connections. At the nodes of the base, there are built-in systems of object-oriented programming languages. This allows combining spatial elements of the system into a simple neural network. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The reported study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan of 2014 (subprogramme 101) «Financing Grant of scientific research» The development of new information models of technology design of adaptive space for systems of complex development of bowels

Assessment of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on tularemia in the Republic of tatarstan

Objective of the study was to assess epidemiological and epizootiological activity of natural tularemia foci in the Republic of Tatarstan for further forecasting of the developments and working out the tactics for implementation of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. Materials and methods. We utilized statistical data, reports of the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, and literature sources for the analysis. Results and conclusions. Since 1995, the incidence among the population in Tatarstan has not been registered. Natural tularemia foci are situated in 19 enzootic as regards the infection administrative districts in the territory of the Republic. Epizootiological monitoring of the natural foci suggests that over the last four years their activation occurred. In this contest realization of complex anti-epidemic  measures,  regulated  by  the  current  normative-methodological  documents  remains  relevant,  as  well  as timely and effective diagnostics, including among the patients with a similar to tularemia symptoms

Anthrax in the Republic of Tatarstan (1920–2020)

The aim of the work was to characterize the epidemiological and epizootic situation on anthrax among population and animals in the Republic of Tatarstan over a period of 1920–2020.Materials and methods. The analysis of the epidemiological and epizootic situation is based on the archival data, epidemiological maps of anthrax patients, results of epizootiological-epidemiological survey of anthrax foci conducted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan and Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan, materials of the Main Directorate of Veterinary Medicine of the Republic of Tatarstan. Microbiological studies of samples from patients and environmental objects were performed in accordance with the requirements of MR 4.2.2413-08 “Laboratory diagnostics and detection of anthrax pathogen”, real-time PCR was set using the AmpliSense Bacillus anthracis-FRT test-system (Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Moscow). Statistical data processing was carried out using the quantile ranking method.Results and discussion. There are more than 1000 anthrax soil foci in the Republic of Tatarstan, which territorially belongs to the Volga Federal District. Analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan over the period of 1920–2020 has revealed that it has undergone significant changes, from mass diseases in animals and humans in early 20th century to sporadic cases of infection among population and animals at the beginning of the 21st century, primarily due to preventive veterinarysanitary measures, including veterinary and sanitary examination of animal products, mass specific immunization of animals against anthrax, arrangement of anthrax cattle burial grounds. In view of the improvement of epizootiological situation and implementation of preventive measures, there was a decrease in the incidence of anthrax among the population. The regions of the Republic have been ranked by the number of animal anthrax cases

Study of features of humoral immune response to the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 among healthcare workers

Relevance. Since the beginning of the epidemic in China, there have been reports of nosocomial cases of SARSCoV-2 infection, including among medical workers. Studies of the intensity of humoral immune response to the SARSCoV-2 virus among medical workers who are much more likely to have professional contact with COVID-19 patients than are of particular importance. The aim is to study the seroprevalence and features of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 among medical workers. Materials and methods. The study included 61 medical workers from a multidisciplinary hospital in Kazan, which was redesigned to provide medical care to patients with new coronavirus infection, using the method of random sampling. The control group consisted of 60 non-medical workers. For the determination of IgG, a solid-phase ELISA was used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using MS Excel software. The error of the relative value (M±m) was calculated, and the 95% confidence interval of the frequency of occurrence. To assess the significance of differences, the Student’s test (t-test) was used for independent samples. Results. The proportion of those seropositive to SARS-CoV-2 in the study group was 45.9%, compared with 21.7% in the control group. Among medical workers seropositive to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the proportion of asymptomatic forms was 18.5%, mild forms — 53.6%, moderate forms and severe forms 25%. Two forms of the formation of a humoral immune response among seropositive ones were revealed: the first is characterized by the gradual elimination of specific IgG antibodies to SARSCoV-2 after 8 weeks from the onset of the first symptoms of COVID-19, the second form is an increase in specific IgG to SARS-CoV-2 and a higher value of the coefficient level of IgM positivity to SARS-CoV-2 after 8–10 weeks from the onset of the first symptoms. The group of seropositive, “raising antibodies”, prevailed over the group of individuals “eliminating antibodies”. Among seropositive medical workers, two forms of the formation of a humoral immune response were revealed: synchronous with the parallel elimination of IgG and IgM antibodies and a parallel increase in IgG and IgM. Conclusion. The study of the level of humoral immunity to COVID-19 in medical workers is important in terms of planning both anti-epidemic measures and predicting the effectiveness of the response to vaccination to SARS-CoV-2

Experience in Studying Herd and Individual Immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Medical Workers

The aim was to study SARS-CoV-2 immunity among medical workers in Kazan.Materials and methods. Studied were serum samples from 348 medical workers from 10 medical organizations in Kazan, divided into groups according to the level of the alleged risk of infection of employees. To determine IgG, a two-stage direct version of the solid-phase ELISA and the test-system “SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST” (Russia) were used.Results and discussion. At the time of the study and over the previous three months, the examined medical workers had no symptoms of acute respiratory viral infection or respiratory tract infections; there were negative results of examining nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Seroprevalence for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 virus for different medical organizations in Kazan ranged within the scope of 3.3–30.8 % and averaged 16.4 %. The wide variation in seroprevalence values in medical workers of different medical organizations may indicate different levels of intensity of professional contacts and the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures in these medical organizations. Among medical workers with seropositive results, the prevalence of persons with a very high coefficient of positivity (49.1 %) is observed, which characterizes high level of antiviral antibodies. The presence of a high proportion of seropositive individuals among medical workers, who have had an asymptomatic form of COVID-19 confirms the high intensity of the latent epidemic process, which must be taken into account when organizing preventive measures, including vaccination

Role of autoantibody in the pathogenesis of patients with atopic bronchial asthma

© 2015 Asian Network for Scientific. Bronchial Asthma is considered as the most spreading human chronic diseases. The diagnostic of the disease at its beginning is very difficult because the light forms of the disease can’t be diagnosed as the symptoms are not very well developed at the outbreak of the disease. The objective of this study was to correlate the climatic and geographic factors and the environmental conditions in the occurrence of Atopic Bronchial Asthma and other autoimmune phenomena, for example the prevalence of abzymes in the pathogenesis of Atopic Bronchial Asthma. In the present work, enzyme linked to immune sorbent assay method and the methods of electrophoresis in agarose gel were used. The results of our study showed the discovery of an excessive auto-antibodies to DNA in the blood vessels of patients with atopic bronchial asthma and there was a direct correlation dependence (r = 0.0005) between the level of auto-antibodies to DNA and the severity of the Atopic Bronchial Asthma. The detected auto-antibodies possess catalytic activity of DNA, enzymatic specificity which is associated with the degree of severity of disease. The auto antibodies in patients suffering from severe forms of Bronchial Asthma are specific for monofilament DNA and antibodies in the blood serum of the patients with the light form of asthma is heterogenic: besides antibodies with monofilament substratum, some specific antibodies with bi-filament DNA circulate. Therefore, in the serum of the patients suffering from Atopic Bronchial Asthma antibodies with Catalytic activity DNA was observed-that is abzymes. It was suggested that these “abzymes” maybe directly involved in the removal of debris produced by the metabolism of organism under physiological conditions. Considering all these facts, Abzymes can be regarded as serological markers of autoimmunity and needs to be tested while investigating autoimmunity especially in Atopic Bronchial Asthma and it may also serve as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of asthma even in the early stages and can also help in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment