A catalog of radio observations of Jupiter 1961-1964

Catalog of radio observations of Jupiter 1961 to 196

Some Wood Properties of Plantation Pines, Pinus Caribaea and Pinus Oocarpa

Pinus caribaea and Pinus oocarpa plantations in Brazil provided test trees from 4 to 17 years old. Wood of Pinus oocarpa exhibited slightly higher stiffness and bending and compression strengths than that of Caribbean pine. Increasing age was correlated with increases in these mechanical properties, and, in many cases, specific gravity.Patterns of wood density distribution were determined by X-ray and water-displacement methods within cross sections from different heights of trees. In both species, tracheid length increased steadily with age and was greater in latewood than in earlywood

Strength and Stiffness of Preservative-Treated Marine Piles

An assessment was made of the effect of preservative treatments on bending strength and stiffness of full-sized marine piles and small specimens derived from them and on the compression strength of pile sections. Preservative-treated Southern pine and Douglas-fir piles were generally lower in strength than untreated piles. Dual treatments of ACA plus creosote and CCA plus creosote reduced strength more than single treatments with these preservatives. Stiffness and strength in compression were not affected by preservative treatment. Statistical associations between MOE and MOR values of small specimens and full-sized piles in bending were extremely small

A conditional-phase switch at the single-photon level

We present an experimental realization of a two-photon conditional-phase switch, related to the ``$c$-$\phi$'' gate of quantum computation. This gate relies on quantum interference between photon pairs, generating entanglement between two optical modes through the process of spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). The interference effect serves to enhance the effective nonlinearity by many orders of magnitude, so it is significant at the quantum (single-photon) level. By adjusting the relative optical phase between the classical pump for SPDC and the pair of input modes, one can impress a large phase shift on one beam which depends on the presence or absence of a single photon in a control mode.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Coherent analysis of quantum optical sideband modes

We demonstrate a device that allows for the coherent analysis of a pair of optical frequency sidebands in an arbitrary basis. We show that our device is quantum noise limited and hence applications for this scheme may be found in discrete and continuous variable optical quantum information experiments.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Optics Letter

Quantum-inspired interferometry with chirped laser pulses

We introduce and implement an interferometric technique based on chirped femtosecond laser pulses and nonlinear optics. The interference manifests as a high-visibility (> 85%) phase-insensitive dip in the intensity of an optical beam when the two interferometer arms are equal to within the coherence length of the light. This signature is unique in classical interferometry, but is a direct analogue to Hong-Ou-Mandel quantum interference. Our technique exhibits all the metrological advantages of the quantum interferometer, but with signals at least 10^7 times greater. In particular we demonstrate enhanced resolution, robustness against loss, and automatic dispersion cancellation. Our interferometer offers significant advantages over previous technologies, both quantum and classical, in precision time delay measurements and biomedical imaging.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Reactivity Initiated Accident Test Series RIA Scoping Test Experiment Predictions

The Reactivity 'Initiated Accident (RIA) test series to be conducted in the Power Burst Facility (PBF) has been designed.to determine fuel failure thresholds, modes, and consequences as a function of energy deposition, irradiation history, and fuel design. The RIA Scoping Test will be comprised of five single unirradiated rod sub-tests. The first rod will be subjected to a series of transient power bursts of increasing energy release to determine the energy deposition at cladding failure. The second and third rods will be subjected to energy depositions near that which caused failure of the first rod, to further define the failure threshold. Rods four and five will be subjected to large radially averaged energy depositions, 1990 and 2510 J/g respectively, to investigate facility safety concerns. Several analyses were performed to predict test fuel rod and system behavior during the five RIA Scoping Test phases. A reactor physics analysis was performed to obtain the relationship between test fuel rod and reactor core energy during a power transient. The calculations were made with the RAFFLE computer code. The thermal-hydraulic behavior of the test rod coolant was investigated for pellet surface energy depositions of 900, 1125, and 1350 J/g for the first three phases of the Scoping Test. The RELAP4 computer code was used for these thermal-hydraulic analyses. The results of the RELAP4 calculations provided input to the FRAP-T4 computer code for three fuel rod behavior analyses at pellet surface energy depositions of 815, 1020, and 1225 J/g. A cladding embrittlement analysis, using the results of the FRAP-T4 calculations as input, was made to investigate the cladding oxidation mode of rod failure for the lower energy phases. BUILD5 was the analytical tool used in this investigation. Finally, the pressure pulses generated as a result of failure of the test fuel rods in the final two high energy test phases were calculated using the SPIRT computer code. In previous reactivity initiated accident tests performed in the SPERT, TREAT, and NSRR facilities a pellet surface energy deposition of 12.350 x 10{sup 3} J/cm{sup 3} was identified as the failure threshold for unirradiated fuel rods with the ambient test conditions of 300 K, 0.1 MPa, and no forced flow. This volumetric energy deposition is equivalent to a pellet surface energy deposition of 1190 J/g (284 cal/g) when the RIA-ST fuel pellet density of 10.365 g/cm{sup 3} is considered. ·For no-flow conditions, it was further observed that the presence of a flow shroud caused a reduction of up to 10% in the failure threshold. The modes of failure seen in the previous tests were cladding embrittlement and low pressure rupture as the zircaloy melting temperature was approached. In general, the rod failures occurred only when a peak cladding temperature of 2073 K or above was reached. Based on the analyses, it is predicted that the test fuel rod energy deposition failure threshold will be 1035 J/g (247 cal/g) at the pellet surface for the fuel rods used in the initial three phases of the RIA Scoping Test. The initial coolant conditions for these cases are equivalent to a fuel enthalpy of 69 J/g (16.5 cal/g) at the fuel surface over ambient conditions. When the difference in initial coolant conditions is considered, the total fuel enthalpy increase leading to cladding failure observed in the previous RIA tests is equivalent to 1122 J/g (268 cal/g) at the fuel pellet surface. The difference between the predicted failure threshold value and that observed in previous tests (87 J/g) is believed to be a combined result of the presence of a flow shroud and uncertainies in the computer codes used to make the predictions. The mode of failure according to the analyses will be rupture due to high temperature cladding weakening. The consequences of these failures are predicted to he minimal. The mode of failure for the high energy phases of the Scoping Test will be cladding rupture due to internal rod pressurization from UO{sub 2} vaporization. The high energy rod failures were predicted by the SPIRT code to result in source pressure pulses of 24.1 and 24.8 MPa for the 1990 and 2510 J/g energy depositions, respectively. Pressure doubling will occur in each case with a rise time of 7 ms, resulting in maximum pressures of 31.7 and 34.5 MPa, respectively

Turbulent length-time scales distributions in hydraulic jumps

Air–water flow measurements were performed in hydraulic jump flows for a range of inflow Froude numbers. The experiments were conducted in a large-sized facility using phase-detection intrusive probes. The void fraction measurements showed the presence of an advective diffusion shear layer where the air concentration vertical distributions were successfully compared with an analytical solution of the advective diffusion equation for air bubbles. In the air–water shear layer, a new empirical relationship between the maximum air concentration decay as a function of both the distance from the jump toe and the inflow Froude number was derived. Air–water turbulent time and length scales were deduced from auto- and cross-correlation analyses based on the method of Chanson (2007). The result provided some characteristic transverse time and length scales of the eddy structures advecting the air bubbles in the developing shear layer. The turbulence time scale data showed an increase with the relative elevation above the bed, as well as some decrease with increasing distance from the toe. The dimensionless integral turbulent length scale Lxz/d1 was closely related to the inflow depth