Globalization and Privatization of Federal Corporate Prosecutions: The Pressures Eroding Fifth Amendment Rights

Over the past several decades, our society has continued to become even more globalized and interconnected. The dynamic put increasing pressure on the fairness of criminal trials in domestic courts. This Article discusses two recent phenomena that illustrate this evolution and their impact on the defendants’ rights against selfincrimination: the globalization and privatization of the federal prosecutions. Globalization is understood as the United States’ Government’s increased reliance on foreign authorities in prosecution of cross-border crimes, while privatization denotes the Government’s reliance on private actors in conducting investigations. Investigations conducted by private entities and foreign governments, and the evidence those investigations produce, raise significant constitutional questions. Accordingly, this Article positions these phenomena and recent case law side-by-side the Fifth Amendment precedent that interpreted the constitutional protections against self-incrimination expansively. To best preserve the values of the Fifth Amendment, federal courts should evaluate compelled testimony with a flexible evidentiary standard. This standard must be cognizant of the changing prosecutorial landscape creating new contexts where defendants may incriminate themselves, and of how can such confessions shape the direction of investigations

HMGA1, Moonlighting Protein Function, and Cellular Real Estate: Location, Location, Location!

HMGA1; Secretome; Unconventional protein secretionHMGA1; Secretoma; Secreción de proteínas no convencionalesHMGA1; Secretoma; Secreció de proteïnes no convencionalsThe gene encoding the High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin remodeling protein is upregulated in diverse cancers where high levels portend adverse clinical outcomes. Until recently, HMGA1 was assumed to be a nuclear protein exerting its role in cancer by transcriptionally modulating gene expression and downstream signaling pathways. However, the discovery of an extracellular HMGA1-RAGE autocrine loop in invasive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines implicates HMGA1 as a “moonlighting protein” with different functions depending upon cellular location. Here, we review the role of HMGA1, not only as a chromatin regulator in cancer and stem cells, but also as a potential secreted factor that drives tumor progression. Prior work found that HMGA1 is secreted from TNBC cell lines where it signals through the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to foster phenotypes involved in tumor invasion and metastatic progression. Studies in primary TNBC tumors also suggest that HMGA1 secretion associates with distant metastasis in TNBC. Given the therapeutic potential to target extracellular proteins, further work to confirm this role in other contexts is warranted. Indeed, crosstalk between nuclear and secreted HMGA1 could change our understanding of tumor development and reveal novel therapeutic opportunities relevant to diverse human cancers overexpressing HMGA1.This research was supported by a grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III through the project “PI19/01292” (Co-funded by European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund “A way to make Europe”/“Investing in your future”)

Platelet Function in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: From a Theoretical to a Practical Perspective

Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased prevalence of vascular disease. Pathologic thrombosis associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Platelets are intimately involved in the initiation and propagation of thrombosis. Evidence suggests that platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes have increased reactivity and baseline activation compared to healthy controls. We review the pathophysiology of platelet hyperreactivity in DM patients and its implications in clinical practice, with particular focus on acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous coronary intervention, and novel antiplatelet agents

1004-57 Regional Left Ventricular Function by Intraventricular Ultrasound in Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Regional left ventricular (LV) dysfunction induced by ischemia/infarction is accompanied by increased end-systolic stress because the ischemic LV wall is unable to generate enough tension to contribute effectively to systole. To explore the possibility of assessing regional LV dysfunction as changes in LV wall stress we performed intraventricular echocardiography in 10 patients with a 6.2 french/12.5MHZ catheter at the time of cardiac catheterization. Cross-sectional images obtained at the level of the papillary muscles were analyzed by computer aided system to assess left ventricular wall thickness and radius of curvature (RC) in 16 equi-angular segments. End-systolic segmental endocardial radius of curvature divided by LV wall thickness obtained as segment area divided by the average of endo and epicardial arc lengths was utilized as an index of regional LV performance proportional to segmental LV wall stress. Percent wall thickening (WT%) was reduced (20.7±14.5%) in the territory perfused by the stenosed artery determined at catheterization, when compared with WT% obtained from territory perfused by normal coronaries (34.4±15.8%, p<0.05). In addition, systolic wall thickening was inversely related to the ratio of RC to WT at end-systole (r=0.75, %WT=65.5 – 21.4 (RCIWT), p<0.05) reflecting regional systolic dysfunction with increased circumferential end-systolic wall stress in those regions. In conclusion, intraventricular echocardiography correctly detects regional left ventricular dysfunction and its geometric consequences to local LV performance induced by ischemic myocardial damage. This technique may play an important role in monitoring myocardial injury by ischemia during invasive interventional procedures

PERBEDAAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA PASIEN KARSINOMA PAYUDARA SEBELUM DAN 3 MINGGU SESUDAH KEMOTERAPI

Abstrak: Hemoglobin adalah protein berpigmen merah yang terdapat dalam sel darah merah yang mengandung unsur protein yaitu heme dan globin. Pemeriksaan hemoglobin sangat penting dalam mengetahui tingkat anemia seseorang, terutama pada penderita karsinoma payudara sebelum dan sesudah kemoterapi. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimen dengan pretest and posttest group design. Sampel berupa pasien karsinoma payudara yang sedang menjalani kemoterapi. Sampel diambil secara accidental sampling sebanyak 19 orang yang masuk kedalam kriteria inklusi. Hasil uji normalitas sebelum kemoterapi nilai mean±SD (12.3±1.29) dengan P=0.088 (p>0.05). hasil uji normalitas 3 minggu sesudah kemoterapi nilai mean±SD (11.9±1.33) dengan P=0.482. hasil uji Paired T-Test pemeriksaan kadar hemoglobin sebelum dan 3 minggu sesudah kemoterapi nilai mean±SD (0.37±0.69) persen perubahan=0,4% dan nilai P=0.031 (p<0.05). Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kadar hemoglobin pada pasien karsinoma payudara sebelum dan 3 minggu sesudah kemoterapi

Optimizing the pipeline of multipurpose prevention technologies: opportunities across women's reproductive lifespans

HIV/AIDS and maternal mortality are the two leading causes of death among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. A growing body of research investigates opportunities for multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs) that prevent unintended pregnancy, HIV, and/or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with a single product. More than two dozen MPTs are currently in development, most of them combining contraception with HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, with or without protection from other STIs. If successful, such MPTs could offer women benefits at multiple levels: greater motivation for effective use; lower product administration burden; accelerated integration of HIV, STI, and reproductive health services; and opportunities to circumvent stigma by using contraception as a “fig leaf” for HIV and/or STI prevention. However, even if women find respite from product burden, lack of motivation, and/or stigma in contraceptive-containing MPTs, their use of MPTs will be interrupted, often multiple times, over the reproductive lifecourse due to desire for pregnancy, pregnancy and breastfeeding, menopause, and changes in risk. Interruptions to the benefits of MPTs could be avoided by combining HIV/STI prevention with other life-stage-appropriate reproductive health products. New product concepts could include combining prenatal supplements with HIV and STI prevention, emergency contraception with HIV post-exposure prophylaxis, or hormone replacement therapies for menopause with HIV and STI prevention. Research is needed to optimize the MPT pipeline based on the populations underserved by available options and the capacity of resource-constrained health systems to deliver novel preventative healthcare products

Early intervention for spinal cord injury with human induced pluripotent stem cells oligodendrocyte progenitors

10.1371/journal.pone.0116933PLoS ONE101e011693